English Reference
Verb

smuggle

v.
B2 Upper Intermediate US /ˈsməɡəɫ/ UK /smˈʌɡəl/ smug·gle UK spelling smuggled, smuggles

v.to move things or people into or out of a place secretly and illegally. You usually do this to avoid paying taxes or to hide something from the police.

v.to import or export goods or people illicitly, typically in violation of customs regulations or legal prohibitions. Transitive in most contexts, requiring a direct object representing the item or person being moved.


SIMPLE

They tried to smuggle expensive watches across the border.

CONTEXTUAL

Customs officers caught a passenger trying to smuggle rare birds into the country inside a hidden suitcase compartment.

COMPLEX

The historical novel details the dangerous routes used to smuggle prohibited literature into the occupied city, highlighting the ingenuity of the underground resistance network.

Usage

The verb is transitive and often takes a prepositional phrase starting with 'into', 'out of', or 'across'.

Pitfall
He smuggled with the goods.He smuggled the goods.

Smuggle is a transitive verb; it acts directly on the object and does not require a preposition like 'with' before the noun.


From earlier smuckle, either from Dutch smokkelen (“to smuggle”), a frequentative form of Middle Dutch smūken (“to act secretly, be sneaky”), from Old Dutch smugan, or from Dutch Low Saxon or German Low German smuggeln; all are from Proto-West Germanic smeugan (“to creep; slip through or into”). cognates and related terms Cognate with Saterland Frisian smuggelje (“to smuggle”), West Frisian smokkelje (“to smuggle”), German Low German smuggeln, smuckeln (“to move insidiously, smuggle”), German schmuggeln (“to smuggle”), Danish smugle (“to smuggle”), Swedish smuggla (“to smuggle”). Related also to Icelandic smjúga (“to creep, penetrate”), Swedish smyga (“to sneak, slip, crawl, lurk, steal”), German schmiegen (“to nestle, wrap, snuggle”), Old English smēogan, smūgan (“to creep, crawl, move gradually, penetrate”).

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This entry
Origin gmw-pro *smeugan
Level B2 · Upper Intermediate
Frequency Occasional
Updated