English Reference

Word

sworn

US/ˈswɔɹn/

UK/swˈɔːn/

Definitions

01under legal oath

B2 · Law

adj. promised or stated officially and legally, usually in a court of law.

adj. given or declared under a formal or legal oath, ensuring the truth of the statement.

“The witness provided a sworn statement to the police about what she saw.”

“The attorney submitted a sworn affidavit to the court, asserting that the evidence had been tampered with before the trial began.”

Formal

Usage

Usually placed before the noun it describes.

Synonyms

oath-boundcertified

Antonyms

unsworn

02determined enemies

B2

adj. describing people who have promised to be enemies or to disagree forever.

adj. bound as if by an oath to a particular state of relationship, most commonly used with 'enemies'.

“The two families have been sworn enemies for many generations.”

“Despite being sworn enemies in the political arena, the two senators maintained a surprising level of mutual respect in private.”

Usage

Almost exclusively used in the collocation 'sworn enemies'.

Synonyms

Real-World Examples

“Hichilema is due to be sworn in for a second term on 1 September.”
BBC News · 30 Aug 2026
“Will Declan find out his wife Maud slept with his sworn enemy?”
The Guardian · 28 Aug 2026

Etymology

From Middle English sworen, isworen, from Old English sworen, ġesworen, from Proto-West Germanic swaran, giswaran, from Proto-Germanic swaranaz, past participle of Proto-Germanic swarjaną (“to swear”), equivalent to swear + -en.

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This entry

Level
B2 · Upper Intermediate
Frequency
Frequent
Updated

Scan code

englishreference.com/q/sworn

English Reference