English Reference

Word

thermal

Phoneticsther·mal, stress on the first syllable

US/ˈθɝməɫ/

UK/θˈɜːməl/

Definitions

01related to heat

B2 · Upper Intermediate Science Technical

adj. relating to heat or temperature.

adj. pertaining to heat, temperature, or the movement of heat energy.

“The scientists measured the thermal energy produced by the chemical reaction.”

“The spacecraft was equipped with a specialized shield to withstand the extreme thermal stress of atmospheric reentry.”

Synonyms

caloricheat-related

02keeping you warm

B2 · Upper Intermediate

adj. designed to keep you warm by trapping heat, especially clothes.

adj. providing efficient thermal insulation to maintain body temperature in cold environments.

“You should wear thermal underwear if you are going skiing in the mountains.”

“The hikers invested in high-quality thermal layers to ensure they remained warm during the overnight trek across the glacier.”

Synonyms

03rising air

C1 · Advanced Countable noun Technical

n. a column of rising warm air that birds and gliders use to stay high in the sky.

n. a column of rising air in the lower atmosphere created by the uneven heating of the earth's surface.

“The eagle circled higher and higher as it caught a strong thermal.”

“The glider pilot searched for a thermal over the sun-baked fields to gain enough altitude for the return journey.”

Synonyms

updraftconvection current

04heat-sensing camera

C1 · Advanced Countable noun Military Technical

n. a type of camera or sensor that sees heat instead of light.

n. an infrared imaging device or sensor used to detect heat signatures, often in low-visibility conditions.

“The rescue team used a thermal to find the lost hikers in the dark woods.”

“The surveillance drone was equipped with a high-resolution thermal to detect movement through the dense forest canopy at night.”

Synonyms

infraredFLIR

Collocations

Common phrases and expressions where native English speakers use the word “thermal” in context.

01. thermal comfort

Real-World Examples

“As seawater warms it expands, and this thermal expansion accounts for roughly a third of sea level rise recorded by scientists to date.”
BBC News 10 Aug 2026
“But he says that will only give you the perception of "thermal comfort" - in other words you will feel cooler but you're not actually cooling as much as you might think.”
BBC News 8 Jul 2026
“This can cause both thermal and chemical damage to the cells of the retina.”
The Local 11 Aug 2026

Etymology

From French thermal, from New Latin thermalis, from Ancient Greek θέρμη (thérmē, “heat”), from Proto-Indo-European gʷʰer- (“to heat, warm”).

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Word family

ADJECTIVE

thermal(C1)

Domain

Military

This entry

Exam level
CambridgeCambridgeCambridge English QualificationsThe exam suite from Cambridge University Press & Assessment, from A1 Movers up to C2 Proficiency. The benchmark names double as CEFR labels.C1 AdvancedIELTSIELTSInternational English Language Testing SystemThe 0–9 band test co-owned by the British Council, IDP, and Cambridge. Used for university entry, work, and migration.7.0–8.0TOEFL iBTTOEFL iBTTest of English as a Foreign Language, Internet-Based TestETS's academic English test, the standard route for US university admissions. Scored 0–120, with a 1–6 scale since 2026.1–6 scale: 5.0–5.595–113TOEICTOEICTest of English for International CommunicationETS's workplace English test, big in Japan and Korea. Listening & Reading scores 10–990 and tops out at C1.945–990EikenEikenTest in Practical English ProficiencyThe English proficiency test from the Eiken Foundation of Japan, widely taken by Japanese students. Grades run from 5 to 1, with Pre-1 and Pre-2 between them.Grade 1
Frequency
Common
Level
C1 · Advanced
Updated

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