Word
thus
US/ˈðəs/
UK/ðˈʌs/
Sentence adverb
Definitions
01as a result
B2 · Upper Intermediate Formal · Academic
adv. because of what was just mentioned; therefore.
adv. used as a conjunctive adverb to indicate a logical consequence or result of the preceding statement.
日本語:というわけ※
“The company reduced its prices and thus attracted many new customers.”
“The experiment was conducted under controlled conditions; thus, the results are considered highly reliable by the scientific community.”
Usage
Often used to connect two independent clauses, typically following a semicolon or starting a new sentence.
Synonyms
02in this way
C1 · Advanced Formal · Literary
adv. in the way that has just been described or shown.
adv. indicating the manner or way in which an action is performed or a state exists.
日本語:こう※
“The artist painted the sky with blue and grey, thus creating a stormy mood.”
“By rotating the lens thus, the photographer was able to eliminate the glare from the water's surface.”
Usage
In this sense, it often appears at the end of a clause or immediately after the verb it modifies.
Synonyms
Collocations
Common phrases and expressions where native English speakers use the word “thus” in context.
Verb
01. thus avoiding the need
“We decided to book our tickets in advance, thus avoiding the need to wait in long queues.”
adv + verb + noun
02. thus creating a problem
“The new law was poorly drafted, thus creating a problem for small business owners.”
adv + verb + noun
03. thus ensuring that the project
“The manager monitored the progress daily, thus ensuring that the project stayed on schedule.”
adv + verb + that-clause
04. thus reducing the cost
“The company automated the assembly line, thus reducing the cost of production significantly.”
adv + verb + noun
Adjective
05. thus far
“We have received three applications thus far, but we expect many more by the end of the week.”
adv + adj
Real-World Examples
“In areas where Bolsonaro's share of the vote was 10 percentage points higher, the number of same-sex marriages increased by approximately 85% relative to the reference month and thus nearly doubled.” “Photograph: NASA/Reuters Astrobiological research thus also involves investigating life on our own planet, to understand the range of environments in which it can develop.” Etymology
From Middle English thus, þus, from Old English þus (“thus, in this way, as follows, in this manner, to this extent”), from Proto-West Germanic *þus (“so, thus”), perhaps originally from a variant of the instrumental form of this, related to Old English þȳs (“by this, with this”), Old Saxon thius (“by this, with this”). Cognate with Scots thus (“thus”), North Frisian thus, Saterland Frisian dus, düs (“thus”), West Frisian dus (“thus”), Dutch dus (“thus, so”), Middle High German dus (“thus, as follows”). Compare also Dutch zus (“thus, hence”), Low German sus (“thus, hence”), Middle High German sus (“thus, hence”), a similar formation from the stem of Proto-West Germanic *swā (“so”).
Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.
Idioms
01. thus and so
02. thus and such
- Exam level
- CambridgeCambridgeCambridge English QualificationsThe exam suite from Cambridge University Press & Assessment, from A1 Movers up to C2 Proficiency. The benchmark names double as CEFR labels.B2 FirstIELTSIELTSInternational English Language Testing SystemThe 0–9 band test co-owned by the British Council, IDP, and Cambridge. Used for university entry, work, and migration.5.5–6.5TOEFL iBTTOEFL iBTTest of English as a Foreign Language, Internet-Based TestETS's academic English test, the standard route for US university admissions. Scored 0–120, with a 1–6 scale since 2026.1–6 scale: 4.0–4.572–94TOEICTOEICTest of English for International CommunicationETS's workplace English test, big in Japan and Korea. Listening & Reading scores 10–990 and tops out at C1.785–944
- Frequency
- Very common
- Level
- B2 · Upper IntermediateOxford
- Updated
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QR code
englishreference.com/q/thus
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「日本語」 data: JMdict (EDRDG), CC BY-SA 4.0