English Reference

Word

trespass

Phoneticstres·pass, stress on the first syllable

US/ˈtɹɛsˌpæs/

UK/tɹˈɛspəs/

Definitions

01to enter land illegally

B2 · Upper Intermediate Law

v. to go onto someone's land or into their building without permission.

v. to enter another person's property or land without legal right or the owner's consent.

“The hikers didn't realize they were trespassing on private farm land.”

“The security firm was hired specifically to prevent protesters from trespassing on the construction site during the weekend.”

Usage

The verb is intransitive and is almost always followed by the preposition 'on'.

Synonyms

intrudeencroach

02to intrude or overstep

C1 · Advanced Formal

v. to take advantage of someone's time or kindness in an annoying way.

v. to intrude upon or take unfair advantage of something, such as a person's time, privacy, or hospitality.

“I don't want to trespass on your time, but I have one more question.”

“The journalist was careful not to trespass upon the family's grief during the interview, keeping his questions strictly professional.”

Usage

Usually followed by 'on' or 'upon'.

03illegal entry

B2 · Upper Intermediate Uncountable noun Law

n. the act of going onto someone's land without permission.

n. the act or crime of entering another's property without permission.

“The sign on the gate warned that trespass was strictly forbidden.”

“The defendant was charged with criminal trespass after he refused to leave the premises despite multiple warnings from the manager.”

04a sin or wrong

C2 · Proficiency Countable noun Religion Archaic · Literary

n. a moral mistake or a sin against a person or God.

n. a moral offence or sin; an older term for a violation of a moral or social law.

“The old prayer asks for forgiveness for our daily trespasses.”

“In the context of the sixteenth-century sermon, a trespass referred to any deviation from the strict moral codes of the community.”

Teaching tip

This sense is mostly found in historical texts or traditional prayers like the Lord's Prayer.

Real-World Examples

“It said officers had made six arrests for offences including assaulting an emergency worker and aggravated trespass.”
The Guardian 23 Sept 2026
“Moorehouse McCarthy faced four charges, including a count of trespass and two counts of possession of items with intent for use in theft or burglary.”
BreakingNews.ie 22 Aug 2026

Etymology

Borrowed into Middle English trespas, from Old French trespas (“passage; offense against the law”), from trespasser.

From Middle English trespassen, borrowed from Old French trespasser (“to go across or over, transgress”), from tres- (“across, over”) + passer (“to pass”).

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Domain

Law

This entry

Exam level
CambridgeCambridgeCambridge English QualificationsThe exam suite from Cambridge University Press & Assessment, from A1 Movers up to C2 Proficiency. The benchmark names double as CEFR labels.C1 AdvancedIELTSIELTSInternational English Language Testing SystemThe 0–9 band test co-owned by the British Council, IDP, and Cambridge. Used for university entry, work, and migration.7.0–8.0TOEFL iBTTOEFL iBTTest of English as a Foreign Language, Internet-Based TestETS's academic English test, the standard route for US university admissions. Scored 0–120, with a 1–6 scale since 2026.1–6 scale: 5.0–5.595–113TOEICTOEICTest of English for International CommunicationETS's workplace English test, big in Japan and Korea. Listening & Reading scores 10–990 and tops out at C1.945–990
Frequency
Occasional
Level
C1 · Advanced
Updated

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English Reference