English Reference

Word

trojan

Phoneticstro·jan, stress on the first syllable

/ˈtɹoʊdʒən/

Definitions

01ancient person

B2 · Upper Intermediate Countable noun

n. a person who lived in the ancient city of Troy.

n. a native or inhabitant of the ancient city of Troy, famously involved in the Trojan War.

“The story tells of how the Trojans defended their city for ten years.”

“Archaeological evidence suggests that the Trojans maintained a sophisticated trading network across the Aegean long before the city's legendary fall.”

02malicious software

B2 · Upper Intermediate Countable noun Computing

n. a harmful computer program that looks like a normal, safe file.

n. a type of malware that misleads users of its true intent by appearing to be a legitimate or desirable application.

“He accidentally downloaded a trojan while trying to install a free game.”

“The security audit revealed a sophisticated trojan that had been exfiltrating sensitive data under the guise of a system update.”

Usage

Often used as a shortened form of 'Trojan horse'.

Synonyms

03hard worker

C2 · Proficiency Countable noun British English · Informal

n. someone who works very hard or shows great strength and courage.

n. a person who demonstrates exceptional pluck, endurance, or determination in a task.

“She worked like a trojan to get the project finished by the deadline.”

“Despite the freezing conditions, the volunteers worked like trojans to clear the blocked roads before the morning commute.”

04astronomical body

C2 · Proficiency Countable noun Science Technical

n. an asteroid or moon that follows the same path as a larger planet.

n. an asteroid or natural satellite that shares the orbit of a larger planet, remaining near stable points.

“Jupiter has thousands of trojans that follow it around the sun.”

“The mission was designed to study the composition of the Jovian trojans to better understand the early formation of the solar system.”

05relating to Troy

B2 · Upper Intermediate

adj. connected to the ancient city of Troy or its people.

adj. of or relating to the ancient city of Troy, its inhabitants, or the legendary war fought there.

“The Trojan War is one of the most famous stories in history.”

“The museum features a collection of Trojan pottery discovered during the late nineteenth-century excavations.”

06to infect with malware

C2 · Proficiency Computing Technical · Slang

v. to put a harmful program onto a computer system.

v. to infect a computer or network with a trojan horse program.

“The hackers managed to trojan the server through a weak password.”

“Once the attackers had successfully trojaned the workstation, they gained persistent access to the internal corporate network.”

Synonyms

Real-World Examples

“Microplastics act like a “Trojan horse” delivering pollutants, pesticides and bacteria through the soil, a five-year multinational research project has found.”
The Guardian 16 Sept 2026
“This well-known section lists the Greek forces preparing for the Trojan War and is considered one of the best-known passages in Western literature.”
ScienceDaily 15 Jul 2026

Etymology

From old forms Troyan, Troian, Middle English Troiā̆n, from Old English Trōiān, from Latin Troiānus, from Troia (“Troy”) + -ānus, from Ancient Greek Τροίᾱ (Troíā).

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Domain

Computing

This entry

Exam level
CambridgeCambridgeCambridge English QualificationsThe exam suite from Cambridge University Press & Assessment, from A1 Movers up to C2 Proficiency. The benchmark names double as CEFR labels.C1 AdvancedIELTSIELTSInternational English Language Testing SystemThe 0–9 band test co-owned by the British Council, IDP, and Cambridge. Used for university entry, work, and migration.7.0–8.0TOEFL iBTTOEFL iBTTest of English as a Foreign Language, Internet-Based TestETS's academic English test, the standard route for US university admissions. Scored 0–120, with a 1–6 scale since 2026.1–6 scale: 5.0–5.595–113TOEICTOEICTest of English for International CommunicationETS's workplace English test, big in Japan and Korea. Listening & Reading scores 10–990 and tops out at C1.945–990
Frequency
Frequent
Level
C1 · Advanced
Updated

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English Reference