English Reference

Word

turbulent

Phoneticstur·bu·lent

US/ˈtɝbjəɫənt/

UK/tˈɜːbjʊlənt/

Definitions

01physical movement

B2 · Science

adj. moving in an irregular and often violent way, especially air or water.

adj. characterised by chaotic, irregular, or violent motion, particularly in fluid dynamics or atmospheric conditions.

“The pilot warned us that the flight might get a bit turbulent as we flew over the mountains.”

“The aircraft encountered turbulent air while crossing the jet stream, causing significant vibration throughout the cabin for several minutes.”

Antonyms

02unstable situation

B2

adj. full of confusion, change, and often conflict or violence.

adj. characterised by unrest, disorder, or insubordination; often applied to historical periods or political climates.

“The country has had a turbulent history with many changes in government.”

“The company went through a turbulent period following the merger, as staff struggled to adapt to the new corporate culture.”

Real-World Examples

“Photograph: ABC/Allstar Despite her on-screen success, Panettiere’s personal life was turbulent; after the birth of her daughter in 2014, she suffered postnatal depression.”
The Guardian · 17 Aug 2026
“The king and queen's health problems come after a turbulent time for the Norwegian royals.”
BBC News · 17 Aug 2026

Etymology

From Middle English turbulent, from Middle French turbulent, from Latin turbulentus, from turba (“disorder, tumult, crowd”).

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Word family

turbulenceNounturbulentAdjective

This entry

Level
B2 · Upper Intermediate
Frequency
Frequent
Updated

Scan code

englishreference.com/q/turbulent

English Reference