English Reference
Noun

ultimatum

n. countable
C1 Advanced US /ˌəɫtəˈmeɪtəm/ UK /ˌʌltɪmˈeɪtəm/ ul·ti·ma·tum UK spelling ultimatums

n.a final demand that someone must accept to avoid a serious problem or punishment. It is a 'do this or else' message.

n.a final demand or statement of terms, the rejection of which will result in retaliation or a breakdown in relations. Often used in diplomatic, legal, or interpersonal negotiations.


SIMPLE

She gave him an ultimatum: arrive on time or leave.

CONTEXTUAL

The union issued an ultimatum to the management, threatening a full-scale strike if the safety demands were not met by midnight.

COMPLEX

History is replete with diplomatic ultimatums that, while intended to force a peaceful concession, ultimately served as the formal precursors to declarations of war.

Usage

Commonly follows the verbs 'issue', 'give', or 'deliver'.

They warned MPs were "potentially being presented with a 'this or nothing' ultimatum on Friday".

BBC News· 11 Sept 2026

From Latin ultimatus (“late, last final”), from Latin ultimus (“extreme, last, furthest, farthest, final”).

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This entry
Level C1 · Advanced
Frequency Frequent
Updated