English Reference
Adjective

unlawful

adj.
B2 Upper Intermediate US /ənˈɫɔfəɫ/ UK /ʌnlˈɔːfəl/ un·law·ful Law

adj.not allowed by the law. You use this to describe actions or things that break official rules or legal standards.

adj.contrary to or prohibited by law; not authorized by legal rules. Often used in formal or legal contexts to describe specific acts rather than a person's general character.


SIMPLE

The judge ruled that the search was unlawful.

CONTEXTUAL

The company faced heavy fines after the court found their hiring practices to be unlawful.

COMPLEX

The tribunal concluded that the detention was unlawful because the authorities failed to provide a valid warrant within the required forty-eight-hour window.

Usage

Typically used as an attributive adjective before a noun or as a predicative adjective after a linking verb.

Pitfall
He is an unlawful personHe is a criminal / He committed an unlawful act

Unlawful usually describes actions, objects, or states (like a 'search' or 'possession'), whereas 'criminal' or 'dishonest' is used to describe a person's character.

Aaron Mulhall (31), Clay Farm Drive, Leopardstown Drive, Dublin 18, was charged with unlawful possession of drugs for sale or supply on August 13th at Blackhall Square, Dublin 7.

BreakingNews.ie· 14 Aug 2026

On Sunday, two days before parliament’s return from recess, No 10 announced that sentences for unlawful killing would be blocked from the early release scheme.

The Guardian· 30 Aug 2026

From Middle English unlawful; equivalent to un- + lawful.

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This entry
Origin Middle English unlawful
Level B2 · Upper Intermediate
Frequency Frequent
Updated