English Reference

Word

urchin

US/ˈɝtʃən/

UK/ˈɜːtʃɪn/

Definitions

01sea creature

B2 · Science

n. a small sea animal with a round shell covered in sharp spikes.

n. a small, spiny marine echinoderm of the class Echinoidea, typically possessing a globular body protected by a calcareous test.

“We had to be careful not to step on a sharp urchin while swimming near the rocks.”

“The diver carefully avoided the purple spines of the urchin, which was wedged firmly into a crevice in the coral reef.”

Synonyms

sea urchin

02a poor child

C1

n. a poor child who is often dirty and spends most of their time on the street.

n. a mischievous or impoverished child who lives or spends significant time on the streets; often carries a Dickensian or historical connotation.

“The old novel describes a young urchin begging for coins in the market.”

“Victorian literature frequently features the street urchin as a symbol of urban poverty and neglected childhood.”

Literary

Synonyms

waifstrayragamuffin

03hedgehog

C2

n. an old word for a hedgehog.

n. the original English term for a hedgehog, now largely replaced by the modern name.

“In the ancient poem, the poet describes an urchin hiding in the bushes.”

“The term survives in modern English primarily through the name of the 'sea urchin', which was named for its resemblance to the land-dwelling urchin.”

Archaic

Synonyms

Real-World Examples

“The child, whose identity has yet to be established, resembles a street urchin in the Manet masterpiece The Old Musician , in which he sought to show the humanity of homeless and marginalised people.”
The Guardian · 28 Sept 2026

Etymology

From Middle English yrchoun, irchoun (“hedgehog; sea urchin”), from Old Northern French irechon, from Vulgar Latin *ērīciōnem, from Latin ērīcius. Compare modern French hérisson, whence the English doublet herisson.

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This entry

Level
C2 · Proficiency
Frequency
Occasional
Updated

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English Reference