ENGLISH
REFERENCE

varnish

n. C / U
B2 Upper Intermediate US //ˈvɑɹnɪʃ// UK //vˈɑːnɪʃ// var·nish Archaic Informal

n. a clear liquid that you paint onto wood or metal to make it look shiny and protect it from damage. When it dries, it forms a hard, thin layer on the surface.

n. a liquid preparation consisting of a resin dissolved in an oil or spirit, which dries to form a hard, transparent, protective coating. Often used figuratively to describe a superficial appearance of a quality.


SIMPLE

He applied a fresh coat of varnish to the old table.

CONTEXTUAL

The carpenter recommended a high-gloss varnish to protect the outdoor deck from rain and sun damage.

COMPLEX

Beneath his polite varnish of professional courtesy lay a deep-seated resentment toward the management's recent decision to restructure the department.

Synonyms
Origin

From Middle English vernisch, vernish, from Old French vernis, from Medieval Latin vernix, veronix, from Byzantine Greek Βερενίκη (Bereníkē, “Berenice”), a town in Cyrenaica, now called Benghazi.

Usage

Uncountable when referring to the substance in general; countable when referring to specific types or individual coats.

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