ENGLISH
REFERENCE

vitro

adj.
C1 Advanced US //ˈvitɹoʊ// vit·ro

adj. happening in a lab or a test tube instead of inside a living person or animal. Scientists use this to test how things work in a controlled environment.

adj. occurring or performed in an artificial environment outside of a living organism, such as in a laboratory vessel or test tube. Often used in scientific research to isolate specific biological variables.


SIMPLE

The scientists tested the new drug in vitro first.

CONTEXTUAL

Before starting human trials, the researchers observed how the virus reacted to the treatment in vitro.

COMPLEX

While the compound showed significant promise during in vitro testing, it failed to produce the same therapeutic effects when introduced to complex biological systems in later stages.

Usage

Typically follows the preposition 'in' to form an adverbial or adjectival phrase; when used as an adjective before a noun, it is often hyphenated ('in-vitro').

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