ENGLISH
REFERENCE

David and Goliath

idiom
Meaning

A contest in which a much weaker underdog faces a far stronger opponent.


Origin

The story is told in 1 Samuel 17. The armies of Israel and the Philistines face each other across a valley, and the Philistines send out their champion, Goliath — a giant in bronze armour who taunts the Israelites daily. No soldier will fight him. Then David, a shepherd boy too small even to wear armour, volunteers.

He refuses a sword, takes five smooth stones and a sling, and kills the giant with a single shot to the forehead before Goliath can close the distance. The detail matters: David wins not by matching Goliath's strength but by fighting on his own terms.

That is why the phrase endures. A David-and-Goliath struggle is any contest between a small, outmatched underdog and a powerful favourite — a local shop against a retail chain, a tiny nation against an empire — with the quiet implication that the giant can still be brought down.

Examples
SIMPLE

It was a David and Goliath match, and the smaller team won.

CONTEXTUAL

The lawsuit was a David and Goliath fight: one injured worker against a company with limitless lawyers.

COMPLEX

What looked like a hopeless David and Goliath contest turned on a single overlooked document, and the tiny firm brought the conglomerate to a settlement.

Kings & Prophetsconnected storiesSee all Biblical origin →

The rise and fall of kings and the warnings of the prophets.

  1. 01

    the writing on the wall (idiom)

    A clear sign that something, especially failure or disaster, is on its way.

  2. 02

    feet of clay (idiom)

    In someone apparently strong and without failings, a hidden weakness which could lead to downfall.

  3. 03

    a drop in the bucket (idiom)

    A quantity so small it is negligible next to what is actually needed.

  4. 04

    a leopard cannot change its spots (idiom)

    People rarely change their fundamental nature, however much they may seem to.

  5. 05

    how the mighty have fallen (idiom)

    A remark on the dramatic downfall of someone once powerful or admired.

  6. 06

    a still small voice (idiom)

    A quiet inner prompting of conscience or intuition.

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