English Reference

Word

absorption

Phoneticsab·sorp·tion, stress on the second syllable

US/əbˈsɔɹpʃən/

UK/ɐbsˈɔːpʃən/

Definitions

01soaking up a substance

B2 · Upper Intermediate Uncountable noun Science Technical

n. the process of taking in a liquid, gas, or other substance.

n. the process by which one substance, such as a solid or liquid, takes up another, such as a gas or liquid, throughout its bulk.

“The paper towel has a high rate of absorption for spills.”

“The rate of nutrient absorption in the small intestine is critical for maintaining overall metabolic health.”

Usage

Often followed by the preposition 'of'.

Synonyms

soaking upintake

02taking in energy

B2 · Upper Intermediate Uncountable noun Science Technical

n. the way a surface or material takes in energy like light, heat, or sound.

n. the process by which the energy of a photon or sound wave is taken up by matter, typically being transformed into internal energy.

“Darker colours increase the absorption of heat from the sun.”

“The acoustic panels were designed specifically for the absorption of low-frequency sound waves to prevent echoes in the recording studio.”

Synonyms

03mental focus

C1 · Advanced Uncountable noun Formal

n. the state of being so interested in something that you do not notice anything else.

n. the state of being completely engrossed or occupied by a thought or activity.

“Her total absorption in the book meant she didn't hear the doorbell.”

“His complete absorption in the research project led him to neglect his social obligations for several months.”

Teaching tip

This sense is formal; in everyday conversation, learners might prefer 'lost in' or 'focused on'.

Synonyms

Antonyms

04incorporating into a group

C1 · Advanced Uncountable noun Academic · Formal

n. the process of a smaller group or company becoming part of a larger one.

n. the process of incorporating or integrating a smaller entity into a larger one.

“The absorption of the small firm into the global corporation took two years.”

“The successful absorption of the immigrant population into the local workforce required significant policy changes and community support.”

Real-World Examples

“It affects multiple parts of the ants' bodies, particularly the lining of the midgut, which plays an important role in digestion and nutrient absorption.”
Phys.org 17 Aug 2026
“Long-term use of Pepcid may also affect the absorption of vitamins and nutrients, she adds.”
The Guardian 14 Aug 2026

Etymology

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó Proto-Italic *ap Latin abder. Latin ab- Proto-Indo-European *srebʰ- Proto-Indo-European *-yeti Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti Proto-Indo-European *srobʰéyeti Proto-Italic *sorβeō Latin sorbeō Latin absorbeō Proto-Indo-European *-tisder. Proto-Italic *-tjō Latin -tiō Latin absorptiōder. English absorption First attested in 1597. From Latin absorptiō (“a sucking in”), from absorbeō (“absorb”). Morphologically absorb + -tion.

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Word family

Related words

Domain

Physics

This entry

Exam level
CambridgeCambridgeCambridge English QualificationsThe exam suite from Cambridge University Press & Assessment, from A1 Movers up to C2 Proficiency. The benchmark names double as CEFR labels.B2 FirstIELTSIELTSInternational English Language Testing SystemThe 0–9 band test co-owned by the British Council, IDP, and Cambridge. Used for university entry, work, and migration.5.5–6.5TOEFL iBTTOEFL iBTTest of English as a Foreign Language, Internet-Based TestETS's academic English test, the standard route for US university admissions. Scored 0–120, with a 1–6 scale since 2026.1–6 scale: 4.0–4.572–94TOEICTOEICTest of English for International CommunicationETS's workplace English test, big in Japan and Korea. Listening & Reading scores 10–990 and tops out at C1.785–944
Frequency
Frequent
Level
B2 · Upper Intermediate
Updated

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English Reference