English Reference

Word

bile

US/ˈbaɪɫ/

UK/bˈaɪl/

Definitions

01digestive fluid

C1 · Medicine

n. a bitter yellow or green liquid produced by the liver that helps your body break down fat.

n. a bitter brownish-yellow or greenish-yellow secretion produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder to aid lipid digestion.

“The liver produces bile to help the body digest fats from the food you eat.”

“Obstruction of the common bile duct can lead to a buildup of bilirubin in the bloodstream, resulting in jaundice.”

Technical

Usage

Uncountable in most medical and general contexts.

Synonyms

02bitterness or anger

C2

n. a feeling of great anger or bitterness towards someone.

n. bitterness of temper, ill humour, or irascibility; often used to describe speech or writing filled with hatred.

“His letter was full of bile and directed at everyone who had disagreed with him.”

“The critic's review was surprisingly personal, dripping with a level of bile that suggested a long-standing grudge against the director.”

Literary

Teaching tip

This sense is highly literary; in modern speech, people usually prefer 'bitterness' or 'hatred'.

Antonyms

03ancient physiology

C2 · Science

n. one of the four liquids (humours) that ancient doctors believed controlled a person's health and personality.

n. either of two of the four humours (black bile or yellow bile) in ancient and medieval physiology, thought to determine temperament.

“Ancient doctors believed that having too much black bile made a person feel sad.”

“The theory of the four humours posited that an excess of yellow bile resulted in a choleric and aggressive personality.”

Archaic · Technical

Synonyms

Real-World Examples

“The bears, which arrived on Thursday, had been kept at one of South Korea's last bear bile farms – sites which have now been banned in the country.”
BBC News · 16 Sept 2026

Etymology

Mid 16th century, via Middle French, from Latin bīlis (“bile”). Largely displaced Old English ġealla, whence the modern synonym gall.

Obsolete form of boil. Akin to Dutch buil and German Beule, all from Proto-Germanic *būlǭ.

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Domain

Anatomy

This entry

Level
C1 · Advanced
Frequency
Frequent
Updated

Scan code

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English Reference