ENGLISH
REFERENCE

calf

n.
US //ˈkæf// UK //kˈɑːf// calf
  1. 1 young cow (n.)
    A2 Elementary

    a young cow or bull.

    the young of domestic cattle, typically under one year of age.

    Example

    The farmer watched the young calf follow its mother across the field.

    Example

    The dairy farmer separated the newborn calf from the herd to ensure it received proper veterinary attention during its first week.

  2. 2 part of the leg (n.)
    B1 Intermediate Medicine

    the back part of your leg between your knee and your ankle.

    the fleshy muscular back part of the human leg below the knee.

    Example

    He felt a sharp pain in his left calf while he was running up the hill.

    Example

    The athlete suffered a severe strain to his right calf, necessitating several weeks of intensive physical therapy before he could return to competition.

    • gastrocnemius
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  1. 3 other young animals (n.)
    B2 Upper Intermediate

    the baby of some other large animals, like elephants or whales.

    the young of various large mammals including elephants, whales, giraffes, and hippopotamuses.

    Example

    The documentary showed a whale calf swimming close to its mother in the ocean.

    Example

    Conservationists monitored the elephant calf closely, noting that its social integration into the matriarchal group was progressing ahead of schedule.

  2. 4 leather (n.)
    C1 Advanced Technical

    a soft, high-quality leather made from the skin of a young cow.

    leather made from the hide of a calf, valued for its fine grain and durability in bookbinding and footwear.

    Example

    The old book was bound in smooth brown calf and felt very expensive.

    Example

    The collector preferred editions bound in antique calf, as the material developed a distinctive patina that modern synthetic alternatives could not replicate.

    • calfskin
  3. 5 ice mass (n.)
    C2 Proficiency Technical Science

    a piece of ice that breaks off from a glacier or iceberg.

    a mass of ice that has broken away from a glacier, ice shelf, or larger iceberg.

    Example

    The explorers saw a small calf of ice floating near the main glacier.

    Example

    As the glacier retreated, several large calves drifted into the bay, posing a significant navigational hazard to the research vessel.

Etymology 1

From Middle English calf, from Anglian Old English cælf, calf (West Saxon ċealf), from Proto-Germanic *kalbaz, further etymology unknown. Cognates

* Scots caff (“calf”) * Scots calf (“calf”) * Scots cauf (“calf”) * Scots cawf (“calf”) * North Frisian Kualev (“calf”) * North Frisian kualew (“calf”) * North Frisian kuulew (“calf”) * Saterland Frisian Koolich (“calf”) * West Frisian keal (“calf”) * German Kalb (“calf”) * Luxembourgish Kallef (“calf”) * Limburgish kalf (“calf”) * Dutch kalf (“calf”) * Vilamovian kołb (“calf”) * Vilamovian kołp (“calf”) * Faroese kálvur (“calf”) * Icelandic kálfur (“calf”) * Danish kalv (“calf”) * Norwegian Bokmål kalv (“calf”) * Norwegian Nynorsk kalv (“calf”) * Swedish kalv (“calf”)

Etymology 2

From Middle English calf, kalf, from Old Norse kalfi, possibly derived from the same Germanic root as English calf (“young cow”) (above). Cognate with Icelandic kálfi (“calf of the leg”).

Idioms1 entry

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