Word
chiefly
US/ˈtʃifɫi/
UK/tʃˈiːfli/
Adverb of degree
Definition
adv. mostly or mainly; you use this to point out the most important part of a group or reason.
adv. principally or primarily; used to identify the most significant element or cause in a given context.
Examples
“The team is chiefly made up of students.”
“The report focuses chiefly on the economic impact of the new policy.”
“The region's economy is chiefly dependent on tourism, though small-scale agriculture provides a vital safety net during off-season months.”
Examples
simple
“The team is chiefly made up of students.”
contextual
“The report focuses chiefly on the economic impact of the new policy.”
complex
“The region's economy is chiefly dependent on tourism, though small-scale agriculture provides a vital safety net during off-season months.”
Usage
Usually placed before the phrase it modifies or after the verb 'to be'.
Teaching tip
This is a more formal alternative to 'mainly'. In casual conversation, most speakers prefer 'mostly' or 'mainly'.
Etymology
From Middle English chefly; equivalent to chief + -ly (adverbial suffix).
From chief + -ly (adjectival suffix). Piecewise doublet of chefly and headly.
Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.
Synonyms
Antonyms
Word family
NOUN
ADVERB
- Exam level
- CambridgeCambridgeCambridge English QualificationsThe exam suite from Cambridge University Press & Assessment, from A1 Movers up to C2 Proficiency. The benchmark names double as CEFR labels.B2 FirstIELTSIELTSInternational English Language Testing SystemThe 0–9 band test co-owned by the British Council, IDP, and Cambridge. Used for university entry, work, and migration.5.5–6.5TOEFL iBTTOEFL iBTTest of English as a Foreign Language, Internet-Based TestETS's academic English test, the standard route for US university admissions. Scored 0–120, with a 1–6 scale since 2026.1–6 scale: 4.0–4.572–94TOEICTOEICTest of English for International CommunicationETS's workplace English test, big in Japan and Korea. Listening & Reading scores 10–990 and tops out at C1.785–944
- Frequency
- Frequent
- Level
- B2 · Upper Intermediate
- Updated
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- Formal
QR code
englishreference.com/q/chiefly