English Reference
verb

circulate

v.
US /ˈsɝkjəˌɫeɪt/ UK /sˈɜːkjʊlˌeɪt/ cir·cu·late UK spelling circulates

  1. 01 B2 Upper Intermediate

    to move continuously through a closed system, like blood in your body or air in a room.

    to move through a circuit or closed system and return to the starting point.

    Simple

    The fan helps the cool air circulate through the entire office.

    In context

    In a healthy cardiovascular system, blood must circulate efficiently to deliver oxygen to the extremities and return to the heart.

    stagnatestop
  2. 02 B2 Upper Intermediate

    to pass something, like a document or a story, from one person to another.

    to disseminate information, documents, or rumours within a group or to the public.

    Simple

    They will circulate the meeting notes to everyone by tomorrow morning.

    In context

    The internal memo began to circulate among the staff long before the management made an official announcement regarding the merger.

  3. 03 C2 Proficiency Technical Math

    when a group of numbers at the end of a decimal repeats forever.

    to recur or repeat infinitely, specifically referring to a digit or sequence of digits in a decimal fraction.

    Simple

    In the fraction one-third, the digit three will circulate forever as a decimal.

    In context

    The student noted that the decimal representation of one-seventh contains six digits that circulate in a fixed sequence.

    recurrepeat

But those strategies may need to be reconsidered if mammalian metabolism, rather than microbes, is responsible for much of what circulates in the body.

ScienceDaily· 15 Aug 2026

Instead, you can use the fan to circulate air around the room.

BBC News· 8 Jul 2026

Borrowed from Late Latin circulātus, perfect passive participle of Late Latin circulō (“to make circular, encircle”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), a later collateral form of circulor (“form a circle (of men) around oneself”), from circulus (“a circle”). See also Middle English circulat(e) (“(alchemy) changed by continuous distillation in a closed vessel”).

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This entry
Origin la-lat circulō
Level C1 · Advanced
Frequency Occasional
Updated