ENGLISH
REFERENCE

close down

phr. v..
B1 Intermediate Oxford

phr. v.. to stop operating a business or factory forever.

phr. v.. to cease operations permanently, typically in reference to a commercial or industrial enterprise.


SIMPLE

The old cinema had to close down last month.

CONTEXTUAL

Many small shops on the high street are closing down because of high rents.

COMPLEX

The government decided to close down the coal mines despite fierce opposition from the local community and trade unions.

Particles
down
Separability
optional
Pattern
close + (object) + down
Usage

can be used with or without a direct object.

Teaching tip

contrast with 'shut down', which can be temporary (like a computer), whereas 'close down' usually implies a permanent end to the business.

Pitfall

The shop was closed down by the owner.The owner closed the shop down.while both are grammatically correct, learners often forget that this phrasal verb is optional in its separability when using a noun object.

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