English Reference
Adjective

deficient

adj.
C1 Advanced US /dɪˈfɪʃənt/ UK /dɪfˈɪʃənt/ de·fi·cient Mathematics

adj.not having enough of something that is necessary, like a vitamin or a specific skill.

adj.lacking in a necessary quality, element, or amount. Often used in medical or technical contexts to describe a shortage that prevents proper functioning.


SIMPLE

His diet is deficient in vitamin C.

CONTEXTUAL

The inspection found that the building's fire safety measures were deficient and required immediate upgrades.

COMPLEX

While the theory was elegant in its simplicity, it proved deficient when applied to real-world data that accounted for environmental variables the researchers had initially ignored.

Usage

Commonly followed by the preposition 'in'.

Pitfall
The report was deficient of details.The report was deficient in details.

The adjective 'deficient' collocations with 'in' rather than 'of' when specifying what is lacking.

After trying to persuade her to avoid divorce, the governor later comments that women are "mindless" and "deficient in intellect", to laughter from the male officials, bodyguards and elders around him.

BBC News· 24 Aug 2026

When the animals could freely choose between standard chow and soybean oil, the OPA1-deficient mice consumed more fat and gained additional weight.

ScienceDaily· 13 Aug 2026

From Latin deficiens, present participle of deficere (“to lack, fail, be wanting”); see defect.

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This entry
Level C1 · Advanced
Frequency Frequent
Updated