English Reference

Word

density

Phoneticsden·si·ty, stress on the first syllable

US/ˈdɛnsəti/

UK/dˈɛnsɪti/

Definitions

01mass per volume

B2 · Upper Intermediate Uncountable noun Science Technical

n. how heavy or thick a substance is for its size.

n. the mass per unit volume of a substance. Uncountable in a general scientific context but countable when referring to specific values.

“Lead has a much higher density than aluminium, which is why it feels so heavy.”

“The scientist calculated the density of the unknown alloy by measuring its displacement in water and comparing it to its dry mass.”

Synonyms

thicknesscompactnesssolidity

02population or crowding

B2 · Upper Intermediate Uncountable noun

n. the number of people or things in a specific area.

n. the number of individuals or units per unit of area, such as population per square kilometre.

“The population density in the city centre is much higher than in the countryside.”

“Urban planners are concerned that increasing the housing density without improving public transport will lead to severe traffic congestion.”

Antonyms

sparseness

03probability

C1 · Advanced Countable noun Mathematics Academic · Technical

n. the likelihood of a value falling within a certain range.

n. the relative likelihood of a continuous random variable taking on a given value; the derivative of the cumulative distribution function.

“The graph shows the probability density of the test scores.”

“In a normal distribution, the probability density is highest at the mean and tapers off symmetrically toward the tails.”

Synonyms

04stupidity

C2 · Proficiency Uncountable noun Informal · Humorous

n. the quality of being slow to understand something.

n. a figurative extension of 'thickness' referring to a person's inability to comprehend simple concepts or instructions.

“I explained it three times, but his density is sometimes quite surprising.”

“Despite the obvious clues left by the investigators, the suspect's sheer density prevented him from realising he was being trapped.”

Collocations

Common phrases and expressions where native English speakers use the word “density” in context.

Adjective

01. low density

“The town is characterized by low density housing and plenty of open green spaces.”

adj + noun

Real-World Examples

“Using orbital data from roughly 1,200 Starlink satellites, they reconstructed changes in atmospheric density about 500 kilometers above Earth.”
ScienceDaily 12 Aug 2026
“In truth, this hugely uneven population density is bad for both sides.”
The Local 14 Aug 2026

Etymology

Borrowed from Middle French densité or Latin densitas. Morphologically dense + -ity.

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Word family

NOUN

density(C1)

ADJECTIVE

Domains

MathematicsPhysicsStatistics

This entry

Exam level
CambridgeCambridgeCambridge English QualificationsThe exam suite from Cambridge University Press & Assessment, from A1 Movers up to C2 Proficiency. The benchmark names double as CEFR labels.C1 AdvancedIELTSIELTSInternational English Language Testing SystemThe 0–9 band test co-owned by the British Council, IDP, and Cambridge. Used for university entry, work, and migration.7.0–8.0TOEFL iBTTOEFL iBTTest of English as a Foreign Language, Internet-Based TestETS's academic English test, the standard route for US university admissions. Scored 0–120, with a 1–6 scale since 2026.1–6 scale: 5.0–5.595–113TOEICTOEICTest of English for International CommunicationETS's workplace English test, big in Japan and Korea. Listening & Reading scores 10–990 and tops out at C1.945–990
Frequency
Common
Level
C1 · AdvancedOxford
Updated

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