Word
ethos
US/ˈiθɑs/
UK/ˈiːθəʊz/
Definitions
01guiding beliefs
C1 · Advanced Uncountable noun Academic
n. the general spirit or beliefs of a community, company, or culture.
n. the characteristic spirit of a culture, era, or community as manifested in its attitudes and aspirations.
日本語:気風、精神※
“The company's ethos is based on honesty and helping the local community.”
“The university's research ethos emphasizes interdisciplinary collaboration and the ethical application of emerging technologies.”
Synonyms
02rhetorical appeal
C2 · Proficiency Uncountable noun Academic · Technical
n. the way a speaker shows they are trustworthy or an expert to persuade an audience.
n. a rhetorical appeal based on the character or projected credibility of the speaker or writer.
“The lawyer built his ethos by mentioning his twenty years of experience in court.”
“In her opening statement, the scientist established her ethos by citing her extensive fieldwork and peer-reviewed publications.”
Synonyms
03artistic character
C2 · Proficiency Uncountable noun Theater Academic · Literary
n. the qualities in art that show the calm, ideal character of a culture rather than strong emotions.
n. the aesthetic quality in a work of art that expresses ideal or universal character, often contrasted with emotional 'pathos'.
“The calm ethos of the ancient statues showed the values of that society.”
“Critics noted that the mural captured the collective ethos of the post-war era through its focus on stoic, monumental figures.”
Synonyms
Antonyms
Usage
Often used in the singular with a definite or indefinite article; 'both' because it can refer to the abstract concept or specific sets of values.
Real-World Examples
“If Davies has an ethos of television, then it is that there is no high or low.” “But the ethos of using what you have and figuring it out as you go along is fundamental to McGurn.” “The movement is less about specific ideas than it is about an ethos – applying rigorous, mathematically informed thinking to AI, philosophy, psychology and the big questions of our time.” Etymology
From Ancient Greek ἦθος (êthos, “character; custom, habit”). Cognate to Sanskrit स्वधा (svadhā́, “habit, custom”).
Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.
Domain
- Exam level
- CambridgeCambridgeCambridge English QualificationsThe exam suite from Cambridge University Press & Assessment, from A1 Movers up to C2 Proficiency. The benchmark names double as CEFR labels.C1 AdvancedIELTSIELTSInternational English Language Testing SystemThe 0–9 band test co-owned by the British Council, IDP, and Cambridge. Used for university entry, work, and migration.7.0–8.0TOEFL iBTTOEFL iBTTest of English as a Foreign Language, Internet-Based TestETS's academic English test, the standard route for US university admissions. Scored 0–120, with a 1–6 scale since 2026.1–6 scale: 5.0–5.595–113TOEICTOEICTest of English for International CommunicationETS's workplace English test, big in Japan and Korea. Listening & Reading scores 10–990 and tops out at C1.945–990
- Frequency
- Frequent
- Level
- C1 · Advanced
- Updated
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QR code
englishreference.com/q/ethos
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「日本語」 data: JMdict (EDRDG), CC BY-SA 4.0