English Reference
noun

ethos

n.
US /ˈiθɑs/ UK /ˈiːθəʊz/ ethos UK spelling ethoses

  1. 01 C1 Advanced Academic

    the general spirit or beliefs of a community, company, or culture.

    the characteristic spirit of a culture, era, or community as manifested in its attitudes and aspirations.

    Simple

    The company's ethos is based on honesty and helping the local community.

    In context

    The university's research ethos emphasizes interdisciplinary collaboration and the ethical application of emerging technologies.

    Usage

    Usually used in the singular; often followed by 'of'.

  2. 02 C2 Proficiency AcademicTechnical

    the way a speaker shows they are trustworthy or an expert to persuade an audience.

    a rhetorical appeal based on the character or projected credibility of the speaker or writer.

    Simple

    The lawyer built his ethos by mentioning his twenty years of experience in court.

    In context

    In her opening statement, the scientist established her ethos by citing her extensive fieldwork and peer-reviewed publications.

    Usage

    Commonly contrasted with 'pathos' (emotion) and 'logos' (logic) in academic writing.

  3. 03 C2 Proficiency AcademicLiterary Theatre

    the qualities in art that show the calm, ideal character of a culture rather than strong emotions.

    the aesthetic quality in a work of art that expresses ideal or universal character, often contrasted with emotional 'pathos'.

    Simple

    The calm ethos of the ancient statues showed the values of that society.

    In context

    Critics noted that the mural captured the collective ethos of the post-war era through its focus on stoic, monumental figures.

But the ethos of using what you have and figuring it out as you go along is fundamental to McGurn.

The Guardian· 18 Aug 2026

From Ancient Greek ἦθος (êthos, “character; custom, habit”). Cognate to Sanskrit स्वधा (svadhā́, “habit, custom”).

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This entry
Level C1 · Advanced
Frequency Frequent
Updated