English Reference

Phrasal verb

hold out against

Definition

phrasal verb. to resist something or someone and refuse to give in, even when you are under pressure.

phrasal verb. to maintain resistance against an opposing force or pressure; to refuse to yield or submit during a conflict or negotiation.

Examples

“The small army held out against the invaders for weeks.”

“Despite the attractive offer, the homeowners held out against the developers to save their local park.”

“The besieged garrison managed to hold out against the enemy forces until reinforcements finally arrived at dawn.”

Examples

simple

“The small army held out against the invaders for weeks.”

contextual

“Despite the attractive offer, the homeowners held out against the developers to save their local park.”

complex

“The besieged garrison managed to hold out against the enemy forces until reinforcements finally arrived at dawn.”

Usage

usually followed by a noun representing an enemy, a pressure, or a tempting offer.

Teaching tip

contrast with 'give in' or 'surrender'; the phrase emphasizes the duration and difficulty of the resistance.

Pitfall

They held out the pressure.

They held out against the pressure.

the preposition 'against' is essential to show what is being resisted; 'hold out' alone means to offer or last.

Phrasal verb

Particles

out against

Separability

inseparable

Pattern

hold + out + against + object

Synonyms

resistwithstanddefystand up to

Antonyms

Grammar

This entry

Level
C1 · Advanced
Updated

Scan code

englishreference.com/q/hold-out-against

English Reference