English Reference

Word

igneous

Phoneticsig·neous

US/ˈɪɡniəs/

UK/ˈɪɡniəs/

Definition

adj. describing rock that was formed when hot, melted rock (magma) cooled and hardened. You use this to talk about rocks like granite or basalt.

adj. relating to or denoting rock formed by the cooling and solidification of molten magma or lava. Often used to distinguish these rocks from sedimentary or metamorphic types.

Examples

“Granite is a common type of igneous rock.”

“The geologist identified the sample as an igneous rock because it had a rough, crystalline texture formed by slow cooling.”

“Igneous formations often provide a chronological record of a region's volcanic history, as the chemical composition of the magma can indicate the depth and pressure of its origin.”

Examples

simple

“Granite is a common type of igneous rock.”

contextual

“The geologist identified the sample as an igneous rock because it had a rough, crystalline texture formed by slow cooling.”

complex

“Igneous formations often provide a chronological record of a region's volcanic history, as the chemical composition of the magma can indicate the depth and pressure of its origin.”

Real-World Examples

“Instead, the rover team found igneous rock, which can form deep underground from magma or volcanic activity at the surface.”
Phys.org · 21 Sept 2026

Etymology

From Latin igneus (“fiery”).

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Domain

Geology

This entry

Level
C1 · Advanced
Frequency
Occasional
Updated

Scan code

englishreference.com/q/igneous

English Reference