Word
incidence
Phoneticsin·ci·dence, stress on the first syllable
US/ˈɪnsədəns/
UK/ˈɪnsɪdəns/
Definitions
01frequency of occurrence
C1 · Advanced Uncountable noun Academic · Formal
n. the rate at which something happens, usually something negative like a disease or a problem.
n. the relative frequency or rate of occurrence of a specific event within a population or timeframe.
日本語:発生※
“The city has seen a high incidence of car accidents this winter.”
“Public health officials are concerned by the rising incidence of respiratory infections among the elderly during the colder months.”
Pitfall
The incidence of the flu was very high last year.
The incidence of flu was very high last year.
When discussing the rate of a disease, 'incidence' is often followed by the name of the condition without an article.
Synonyms
02striking a surface
C1 · Advanced Uncountable noun Science Technical
n. the way that light, heat, or an object hits a surface.
n. the act of radiation, a beam, or a projectile striking a surface, often measured as an angle.
“The angle of incidence determines how much light reflects off the water.”
“The experiment measured how the angle of incidence affected the amount of solar energy absorbed by the new panels.”
Usage
Commonly used in the phrase 'angle of incidence'.
03the burden of a tax
C2 · Proficiency Uncountable noun Law Formal · Technical
n. the way the cost of a tax is shared between different people.
n. the final distribution of the burden of a tax, identifying who actually pays it regardless of who it was originally charged to.
“Economists are studying the incidence of the new sugar tax on poor families.”
“The corporate tax incidence often shifts from the company to the consumer through higher prices for goods and services.”
Collocations
Common phrases and expressions where native English speakers use the word “incidence” in context.
Verb
01. reduce incidence
“Public health campaigns aim to reduce the incidence of smoking-related illnesses.”
verb + noun
Real-World Examples
“Another alleged victim described multiple incidences of physical violence.” “We found that people who experienced longer periods of sugar rationing during their first 1,000 days had a lower incidence of five types of cancer: breast, prostate, liver, rectal and lung cancer.” “The new study got around this by comparing the incidence of cardiovascular disease in people who were vaccinated before and after the rapid switch from Zostavax to Shingrix in the US in 2017.” Word family
NOUN
Domain
- Exam level
- CambridgeCambridgeCambridge English QualificationsThe exam suite from Cambridge University Press & Assessment, from A1 Movers up to C2 Proficiency. The benchmark names double as CEFR labels.C1 AdvancedIELTSIELTSInternational English Language Testing SystemThe 0–9 band test co-owned by the British Council, IDP, and Cambridge. Used for university entry, work, and migration.7.0–8.0TOEFL iBTTOEFL iBTTest of English as a Foreign Language, Internet-Based TestETS's academic English test, the standard route for US university admissions. Scored 0–120, with a 1–6 scale since 2026.1–6 scale: 5.0–5.595–113TOEICTOEICTest of English for International CommunicationETS's workplace English test, big in Japan and Korea. Listening & Reading scores 10–990 and tops out at C1.945–990
- Frequency
- Frequent
- Level
- C1 · AdvancedOxford
- Updated
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QR code
englishreference.com/q/incidence
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「日本語」 data: JMdict (EDRDG), CC BY-SA 4.0