incidence
- 01 C1 Advanced
the way that light, heat, or an object hits a surface.
the striking of a surface by a ray of light, a particle, or a projectile.
Simple“The angle of incidence determines how much light is reflected off the water.”
In context“By adjusting the angle of incidence, the researchers were able to minimize the amount of radiation absorbed by the protective shielding.”
- 02 C2 Proficiency
the way the burden of a tax falls on different people.
the final distribution of the economic burden of a tax.
Simple“The government is studying the incidence of the new carbon tax on low-income families.”
In context“Economists debated the statutory versus the economic incidence of the corporate tax, noting that the ultimate burden often shifts to the consumer.”
Usage reduce incidence
“Another alleged victim described multiple incidences of physical violence.”
“We found that people who experienced longer periods of sugar rationing during their first 1,000 days had a lower incidence of five types of cancer: breast, prostate, liver, rectal and lung cancer.”