English Reference
verb

lighten

v.
US /ˈɫaɪtən/ UK /lˈaɪtən/ light·en UK spelling lightened, lightens

  1. 01 B1 Intermediate

    to make something weigh less or feel easier to carry.

    to reduce the weight of a physical load or alleviate a metaphorical burden.

    Simple

    We need to lighten our bags before we start the long hike up the mountain.

    In context

    The airline requested that passengers lighten their carry-on luggage to ensure the overhead bins could accommodate everyone's belongings safely.

  2. 02 B1 Intermediate

    to make a colour or a room look brighter or more pale.

    to increase the luminosity of a space or to reduce the saturation and darkness of a colour.

    Simple

    Adding a bit of white paint will lighten the blue on the walls.

    In context

    The morning sun began to lighten the horizon, gradually revealing the jagged outlines of the distant coastal cliffs.

    darken
  3. 03 B2 Upper Intermediate

    to make a situation or a person feel less serious or more happy.

    to mitigate the gravity of a situation or to improve a person's mood.

    Simple

    He told a funny joke to lighten the mood during the stressful meeting.

    In context

    The director attempted to lighten the tone of the play by introducing several moments of physical comedy in the second act.

    depresssadden
  4. 04 C2 Proficiency ArchaicLiterary Science

    to give off flashes of lightning during a storm.

    to emit flashes of lightning; used intransitively to describe atmospheric activity.

    Simple

    The sky began to lighten and thunder rolled across the valley.

    In context

    As the tempest reached its peak, the heavens would lighten with such frequency that the landscape remained visible in a strobe-like glare.

Here's what you can do to lighten their load.

Phys.org· 28 Aug 2026

She called for the rules to be “lightened up a bit” so workers can use their money in times of crisis.

The Guardian· 16 Aug 2026

Etymology 1

From Middle English lightnen, equivalent to light + -en.

Etymology 2

From light + -en.

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This entry
Origin Middle English lightnen
Level B2 · Upper Intermediate
Frequency Frequent
Updated