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REFERENCE

mankind

n.
US //ˈmænˈkaɪnd// UK //mæŋkˈaɪnd// mankind
  1. 1 the human race (n.)
    B2 Upper Intermediate

    all humans considered as a single group.

    the human species in its entirety. Uncountable; often used without an article in abstract or philosophical contexts.

    Example

    The moon landing was described as a giant leap for mankind.

    Example

    Philosophers have long debated whether mankind is inherently cooperative or naturally inclined toward competition for resources.

    Usage

    Usually used without 'the' when referring to the species as a whole.

    Teacher's tip

    In modern English, many writers prefer 'humankind' or 'humanity' to avoid the gendered 'man' prefix, though 'mankind' remains common in historical and literary contexts.

  2. 2 men collectively (n.)
    C1 Advanced Formal Literary

    men as a group, as distinct from women.

    the male portion of the human race. This sense is increasingly rare and usually found in older texts or specific sociological contrasts.

    Example

    The author discussed the different roles of mankind and womankind in ancient myths.

    Example

    The Victorian essayist contrasted the social expectations placed upon mankind with the domestic virtues then attributed to women.

    Teacher's tip

    This sense is largely archaic; learners should use 'men' in everyday speech to avoid confusion with the general sense of 'humanity'.

    • womankind
Origin

From Middle English mankynde, alteration (due to kynde = “kind, nature, sort”) of earlier mankyn, from Old English mancynn. Equivalent to man + kin, and/or man + -kind. Cognate with Scots mankind, Middle High German mankünne, Danish mandkøn, Icelandic mannkyn (“mankind”). See also mankin.

Idioms1 entry

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