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none

n.
A2 Elementary Oxford US //ˈnən// none Archaic General-service

n. not any of a group of people or things. You use it to say that there is zero of something.

n. not any; not one. Functions as a negative quantifier referring to a previously mentioned or implied group.


SIMPLE

None of the students passed the test.

CONTEXTUAL

I looked for a clean shirt in the drawer, but there were none left.

COMPLEX

Although several candidates applied for the senior position, none possessed the specific technical expertise required to manage the new laboratory equipment.

Etymology 1

From Middle English none, noon, non (“not one”), from Old English nān (“not one, not any, none”), from Proto-West Germanic nain, from Proto-Germanic nainaz (“none, nought, nothing”), equivalent to ne (“not”) + one. (Regarding the different phonological development of only and one, see the note in one.) Cognate with Scots nane (“none”), Saterland Frisian naan, neen (“no, not any, none”), West Frisian neen & gjin (“no, none”), Dutch neen & geen (“no, none”), Low German nēn, neen, keen (“no, none, no one”), German nein & kein (“no, none”), Latin nōn (“not”).

Etymology 2

From the first sense, since they respond “none” when asked about their religion; also a play on words on nun.

Etymology 3

From French none, from Latin nōna (“ninth; ninth hour”).

Usage

Can take either a singular or plural verb; plural is more common in informal speech, while singular is often preferred in formal writing.

Pitfall

None of my friends is hereNone of my friends are hereWhile singular 'is' is technically correct in formal grammar, it often sounds unnatural to native speakers in casual conversation compared to the plural 'are'.

Idioms8 entries

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