English Reference
verb · adverb

pray

v. · adv.
US /ˈpɹeɪ/ UK /pɹˈeɪ/ pray UK spelling prayed, prays

  1. 01 B1 Intermediate Religion

    v.to speak to a god to give thanks or ask for help.

    v.to address a deity or object of worship with adoration, confession, supplication, or thanksgiving.

    Simple

    The family gathered every evening to pray for their health and safety.

    In context

    Many pilgrims travel hundreds of miles to the shrine to pray for divine intervention in their personal struggles.

  2. 02 B2 Upper Intermediate

    v.to hope very much that something will happen or be true.

    v.to express or feel a strong inward hope for a specific outcome.

    Simple

    I am praying that the rain stops before the outdoor wedding starts.

    In context

    The farmers were praying for a successful harvest after the previous year's devastating drought had depleted their savings.

  3. 03 C1 Advanced Formal Law

    v.to ask someone for something in a very serious or formal way.

    v.to make a formal or humble request to a person in authority; often used in legal petitions.

    Simple

    The prisoner began to pray for mercy from the king.

    In context

    The petitioner moved the court to pray for an injunction against the further development of the protected wetlands.

  4. 04 C2 Proficiency ArchaicFormal

    adv.an old-fashioned way to say 'please' when asking a question.

    adv.an archaic or highly formal marker of a polite request or inquiry, typically used at the beginning of a sentence.

    Simple

    Pray, tell me what you have discovered during your travels.

    In context

    Pray, what is the meaning of this sudden intrusion into my private chambers?

    pleaseprithee

Etymology 1

From Middle English preien, from Anglo-Norman preier, from Old French preier, proier (French prier), from Latin precārī, from prex, precis (“a prayer, a request”), from Proto-Italic preks, from Proto-Indo-European preḱ- (“to ask, woo”). Displaced native Old English gebiddan. Cognate via Indo-European of Old English frignan, fricgan, German fragen, Dutch vragen. Compare deprecate, imprecate, precarious.

Etymology 2

Ellipsis of I pray you, I pray thee, whence also prithee.

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This entry
Origin ine-pro *preḱ-
Level B1 · Intermediate
Frequency Common
Updated