ENGLISH
REFERENCE

screw

n. countable
C1 Advanced Oxford US //ˈskɹu// UK //skɹˈuː// screw Archaic Informal Slang Vulgar

n. a small, pointed piece of metal with a spiral line around it. You use a screwdriver to turn it and fasten things, usually pieces of wood or metal, together.

n. a type of fastener, typically metal, with a helical ridge known as an external thread. It is inserted into materials by being rotated, often with a screwdriver.


SIMPLE

He uses a screw to fix the shelf.

CONTEXTUAL

You'll need a Phillips head screw for this part, not a flathead one, to assemble the bookcase.

COMPLEX

The antique clock's mechanism was held together by a single, tiny brass screw, a testament to the precision of its long-forgotten maker.

Synonyms
Antonyms
Origin

From Middle English screw, scrue (“screw”); apparently, despite the difference in meaning, from Old French escroue (“nut, cylindrical socket, screwhole”), from Latin scrōfa (“female pig”) through comparison with the corkscrew shape of a pig's penis. There is also the Old French escruve (“screw”), from Old Dutch *scrūva ("screw"; whence Middle Dutch schruyve (“screw”)), which probably influenced or conflated with the aforementioned, resulting in the Middle English word. more on the etymology of screw Old French escroue (whence Medieval Latin scrofa (“nut, screwhole”)), is believed to be an adaptation of Latin scrōfa (“sow, female pig”); but this development is not found in other Romance languages. (For change in meaning, compare also Spanish puerca, Portuguese porca, both ‘sow; screw nut’, and is based on the fact that a boar's penis has a screw-like tip, making the sow's vulva equivalent to a screw nut by analogy). Old Dutch scrūva possibly derives from Proto-Germanic skrūbō (“screw”), from skru- (“to cut”), from Proto-Indo-European (s)keru-, *(s)ker- (“to cut”), and is related to German Schraube (“screw”), Low German schruve, schruwe (“screw”), Dutch schroef (“screw”), West Frisian skroef (“screw”), Danish skrue (“screw”), Swedish skruv (“screw, peg”), Icelandic skrúfa (“screw”). Compare also Occitan escrofa (“screw nut”), Calabrese scrufina (“screw nut”), which may be borrowings of the Old French word, or parallel developments.

Pitfall

hammer a screwturn a screw / drive a screwScrews are turned or driven into a material with a screwdriver, while nails are hammered. Learners sometimes confuse the two fasteners and their corresponding verbs.

Idioms7 entries

© 2026 English Reference