ENGLISH
REFERENCE

sham

n. countable
C1 Advanced US //ˈʃæm// UK //ʃˈæm// sham Slang

n. something that is not what it seems to be and is meant to trick people. It is a fake or a false situation that hides the truth.

n. something that is not what it purports to be; a spurious imitation or a deceptive act. Often implies a deliberate attempt to mislead or maintain a false appearance of legitimacy.


SIMPLE

The public soon realized that the election was a complete sham.

CONTEXTUAL

The couple stayed together for the sake of their public image, but their marriage was a total sham.

COMPLEX

The investigation revealed that the charity was a sophisticated sham designed to funnel donations into the private accounts of its founders while providing no actual services to the community.

Synonyms
Usage

Often used with the indefinite article ('a sham') or as a predicative noun after 'to be'.

Idioms1 entry

© 2026 English Reference