ENGLISH
REFERENCE

shame

n. C / U
B2 Upper Intermediate Oxford US //ˈʃeɪm// UK //ʃˈeɪm// shame Archaic General-service

n. a painful feeling of guilt or embarrassment when you think you have done something wrong or silly. It can also describe a situation that is disappointing or sad.

n. a painful emotion caused by a strong sense of guilt, embarrassment, or unworthiness. Also used to denote a regrettable or unfortunate circumstance.


SIMPLE

He felt a deep sense of shame after lying to his friend.

CONTEXTUAL

It is a real shame that the local library had to close due to a lack of funding.

COMPLEX

The protagonist's internal conflict is driven by the crushing weight of inherited shame, which prevents him from seeking the redemption he clearly deserves.

Synonyms
Antonyms
Etymology 1

From Middle English schame, from Old English sċamu, from Proto-Germanic *skamō. Cognates *German Scham (“shame”) *German Low German Schaam (“shame, shamefacedness”) *Danish, Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk, Swedish skam (“shame”) *Faroese skomm (“shame, dishonour”) *Icelandic skömm (“shame”) *Gothic 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌼𐌰 (skama, “shame”).

Etymology 2

From Middle English schamen, from Old English sċamian, from Proto-West Germanic skamēn, from Proto-Germanic skamāną. Cognates *Dutch schamen (“to be ashamed”) *German schämen (“to be ashamed or embarrassed, bashful”) *Danish, Norwegian Bokmål skamme (“to be ashamed”) *Icelandic skamma (“to scold”) *Gothic 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌽 (skaman, “to be ashamed”).

Usage

Uncountable when referring to the emotion; countable (usually 'a shame') when referring to a disappointing situation.

Pitfall

It is a pity shame that you missed it.It is a real shame that you missed it.Learners sometimes combine 'pity' and 'shame' into a single phrase; use one or the other to describe a disappointing event.

Idioms2 entries

© 2026 English Reference