English Reference

Word

stigma

Phoneticsstig·ma, stress on the first syllable

US/ˈstɪɡmə/

UK/stˈɪɡmɐ/

Definitions

01social shame

B2 · Upper Intermediate Uncountable noun

n. a feeling of shame that people in a society attach to a certain condition or behavior.

n. a mark of social disgrace or strong disapproval that results from a particular circumstance or characteristic.

“There is still a social stigma attached to being unemployed in many cultures.”

“Public health advocates are working to reduce the stigma surrounding mental health issues to encourage more people to seek professional help.”

02part of a flower

C1 · Advanced Countable noun Science Technical

n. the top part of a flower's center that catches pollen.

n. the receptive apex of the pistil of a flower, on which pollen is deposited at pollination.

“The bee brushed against the stigma, leaving behind pollen from the previous flower.”

“In many angiosperms, the stigma is covered with a sticky secretion that facilitates the adhesion and germination of pollen grains.”

03medical sign

C2 · Proficiency Countable noun Medicine Technical

n. a physical mark or sign on the body that shows someone has a specific disease.

n. a visible sign or characteristic symptom of a particular disease or medical condition.

“The doctor looked for physical stigmas that might suggest a genetic disorder.”

“The patient presented with several cutaneous stigmas characteristic of chronic liver disease, including spider angiomas on the chest.”

Synonyms

04Greek letter

C2 · Proficiency Countable noun Technical · Archaic

n. a special symbol used in the Greek alphabet to represent the letters 's' and 't' together.

n. a ligature of the Greek letters sigma and tau, historically used in writing and still used as a numeral for six.

“The researcher noted the use of the stigma symbol in the medieval Greek manuscript.”

“In modern Greek typography, the stigma is rarely encountered except in its function as the numeral six in specific formal contexts.”

Real-World Examples

“Because these labels can carry social consequences—including stigma, assumptions about gender and perceived group membership—individuals may avoid labels that accurately describe their desires or behavior, or adopt labels that do not fully reflect them.”
Phys.org 11 Aug 2026
“The good news was that bankruptcy was not causing permanent financial stigma.”
The Conversation 19 Aug 2026

Etymology

From Latin stigma, from Ancient Greek στίγμα (stígma, “mark of slavery or disgrace”), from στίζω (stízō, “to mark”). Closely related to stigme, and distantly related to stick.

From Byzantine Greek στίγμα (stígma), likely coined by analogy with σίγμα (sígma).

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Synonyms

Antonyms

Domains

BotanyMedicineZoology

This entry

Exam level
CambridgeCambridgeCambridge English QualificationsThe exam suite from Cambridge University Press & Assessment, from A1 Movers up to C2 Proficiency. The benchmark names double as CEFR labels.C1 AdvancedIELTSIELTSInternational English Language Testing SystemThe 0–9 band test co-owned by the British Council, IDP, and Cambridge. Used for university entry, work, and migration.7.0–8.0TOEFL iBTTOEFL iBTTest of English as a Foreign Language, Internet-Based TestETS's academic English test, the standard route for US university admissions. Scored 0–120, with a 1–6 scale since 2026.1–6 scale: 5.0–5.595–113TOEICTOEICTest of English for International CommunicationETS's workplace English test, big in Japan and Korea. Listening & Reading scores 10–990 and tops out at C1.945–990
Frequency
Frequent
Level
C1 · Advanced
Updated

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English Reference