English Reference
adjective · noun

unknown

adj. · n.
US /ənˈnoʊn/ UK /ʌnnˈəʊn/ un·known UK spelling unknowns

  1. 01 B2 Upper Intermediate

    adj.not known, identified, or familiar to people.

    adj.not known, identified, or familiar; often used postpositionally in specific phrases like 'reasons unknown'.

    Simple

    The letter was sent by an unknown person with no return address.

    In context

    The painting was attributed to an unknown artist from the seventeenth century, though recent stylistic analysis suggests a student of Rembrandt.

  2. 02 B2 Upper Intermediate

    n.a place, situation, or fact that nobody knows anything about yet.

    n.an unexplored or unidentified place, situation, or realm of knowledge; often used with the definite article 'the'.

    Simple

    Space travel is a journey into the unknown for most of us.

    In context

    The explorers faced the great unknown with a mixture of trepidation and scientific curiosity, unsure of what the deep-sea trenches might reveal.

  3. 03 C1 Advanced Formal

    n.a person who is not famous or whose identity is not known.

    n.an individual who lacks fame, social standing, or a public identity.

    Simple

    He was a complete unknown before he won the national talent show.

    In context

    The candidate was a political unknown until a series of viral debates propelled her to the forefront of the national conversation.

    nobodynonentity
    celebritypublic figure
  4. 04 B2 Upper Intermediate Technical Math

    n.a symbol, like x or y, that represents a number you need to find.

    n.a quantity or variable in a mathematical equation whose value is initially unspecified and must be determined.

    Simple

    In the equation 2x + 5 = 11, x is the unknown.

    In context

    The physicist introduced a second unknown into the formula to account for the unexpected variance in gravitational pull during the experiment.

The victim was transported to hospital via an emergency run by paramedics with unknown injuries.

Toronto Sun· 16 Aug 2026

I had to tell him to put it out.” The cause of the Blaenavon fire is still unknown, but across the country arson arrests have been made in relation to this summer’s fires.

The Guardian· 16 Aug 2026

From Middle English unknowen, uniknowen, uniknowe, from Old English unġecnāwen (“unknown”), equivalent to un- + known.

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This entry
Origin Old English unġecnāwen
Level B2 · Upper Intermediate
Frequency Common
Updated