Word
unknown
Phoneticsun·known, stress on the second syllable
US/ənˈnoʊn/
UK/ʌnnˈəʊn/
Definitions
01not identified
B2 · Upper Intermediate
adj. not known, identified, or familiar to people.
adj. not known, identified, or familiar; often used postpositionally in specific phrases like 'reasons unknown'.
“The letter was sent by an unknown person with no return address.”
“The painting was attributed to an unknown artist from the seventeenth century, though recent stylistic analysis suggests a student of Rembrandt.”
Synonyms
02the mysterious or unexplored
B2 · Upper Intermediate Uncountable noun
n. a place, situation, or fact that nobody knows anything about yet.
n. an unexplored or unidentified place, situation, or realm of knowledge; often used with the definite article 'the'.
“Space travel is a journey into the unknown for most of us.”
“The explorers faced the great unknown with a mixture of trepidation and scientific curiosity, unsure of what the deep-sea trenches might reveal.”
Synonyms
Antonyms
03a person without fame
C1 · Advanced Countable noun Formal
n. a person who is not famous or whose identity is not known.
n. an individual who lacks fame, social standing, or a public identity.
“He was a complete unknown before he won the national talent show.”
“The candidate was a political unknown until a series of viral debates propelled her to the forefront of the national conversation.”
Synonyms
Antonyms
04math variable
B2 · Upper Intermediate Countable noun Mathematics Technical
n. a symbol, like x or y, that represents a number you need to find.
n. a quantity or variable in a mathematical equation whose value is initially unspecified and must be determined.
“In the equation 2x + 5 = 11, x is the unknown.”
“The physicist introduced a second unknown into the formula to account for the unexpected variance in gravitational pull during the experiment.”
Synonyms
Antonyms
Collocations
Common phrases and expressions where native English speakers use the word “unknown” in context.
Adjective
01. largely unknown
“The details of the artist's early life remain largely unknown to the public.”
adv + adj
02. unknown to the authorities
“The suspect was previously unknown to the authorities before his arrest.”
adj + prep + noun
03. virtually unknown
“This species of bird was virtually unknown in this region until last year.”
adv + adj
Noun
04. fear of the unknown
“Many people experience a deep fear of the unknown when they start a new career.”
noun + of + noun
05. unknown quantity
“The new manager is something of an unknown quantity, so we don't know what to expect.”
adj + noun
06. unknown reasons
“For unknown reasons, the flight was delayed for over six hours.”
adj + noun
Preposition
07. into the unknown
“The explorers headed deep into the unknown, hoping to find the lost city.”
prep + noun
Real-World Examples
“The victim was transported to hospital via an emergency run by paramedics with unknown injuries.” “I had to tell him to put it out.”
The cause of the Blaenavon fire is still unknown, but across the country arson arrests have been made in relation to this summer’s fires.” “While dozens have been rescued, the search continues for an unknown number of missing people.” Etymology
From Middle English unknowen, uniknowen, uniknowe, from Old English unġecnāwen (“unknown”), equivalent to un- + known.
Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.
Idioms
01. unknown quantity
- Exam level
- CambridgeCambridgeCambridge English QualificationsThe exam suite from Cambridge University Press & Assessment, from A1 Movers up to C2 Proficiency. The benchmark names double as CEFR labels.B2 FirstIELTSIELTSInternational English Language Testing SystemThe 0–9 band test co-owned by the British Council, IDP, and Cambridge. Used for university entry, work, and migration.5.5–6.5TOEFL iBTTOEFL iBTTest of English as a Foreign Language, Internet-Based TestETS's academic English test, the standard route for US university admissions. Scored 0–120, with a 1–6 scale since 2026.1–6 scale: 4.0–4.572–94TOEICTOEICTest of English for International CommunicationETS's workplace English test, big in Japan and Korea. Listening & Reading scores 10–990 and tops out at C1.785–944
- Frequency
- Common
- Level
- B2 · Upper IntermediateOxford
- Updated
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