The imperative

A1 Beginner

The imperative is used to give direct orders, instructions, or advice. It uses the base form of the verb and does not require a subject.

Overview

The imperative mood allows a speaker to tell someone what to do. It is common in instructions, commands, and signs. Because the speaker is addressing someone directly, the subject 'you' is understood and omitted.

Form

(Don't) + Verb (base form)

For affirmative sentences, use the base form of the verb. For negative sentences, place do not or don't before the base form.

Examples

Common mistakes

You sit down.
Sit down.
The subject 'you' is not used in standard imperative sentences.
No talking!
Don't talk.
While 'No + -ing' is used on signs, the imperative verb form requires 'don't' for a direct command.
To open the door.
Open the door.
Do not use the infinitive with 'to' for imperatives.

Imperative vs. Polite Requests

The imperative can sound aggressive or rude if used with the wrong tone. Adding please makes the command more polite.

Imperative	Polite Request
Sit down.	Please sit down.
Close the door.	Can you close the door?

Practice

Change the sentence into a negative imperative: 'Run in the hallway.'
Show answer
Don't run in the hallway.
Answer:Don't run in the hallway.
Why:To make a negative imperative, add 'don't' before the base verb.
Correct the sentence: 'You open your book to page 10.'
Show answer
Open your book to page 10.
Answer:Open your book to page 10.
Why:Imperatives do not use the subject 'you'.
Complete the instruction: '____ (not / forget) your keys.'
Show answer
Don't forget
Answer:Don't forget
Why:The negative imperative uses 'don't' followed by the base form of the verb 'forget'.