English Reference

Word

turn

US/ˈtɝn/

UK/tˈɜːn/

Definitions

01to change direction

A1 · Beginner

v. to move your body or a vehicle in a new direction.

v. to cause to move or to move oneself so as to face or travel in a different direction.

“Turn left at the next traffic light to find the supermarket.”

“The driver had to turn sharply to avoid the debris that had fallen from the truck ahead of him.”

Synonyms

02to rotate

A2 · Elementary

v. to move in a circle around a central point.

v. to rotate or cause to rotate around an axis or centre.

“You have to turn the key clockwise to unlock the front door.”

“The turbine began to turn rapidly as the water pressure increased, generating enough electricity for the entire village.”

03to become

A2 · Elementary

v. to change into something else or reach a certain age.

v. to undergo a transformation in state, nature, or appearance; also used to indicate reaching a specific age.

“The leaves turn brown in the autumn before they fall off the trees.”

“He will turn fifty next month, a milestone that has prompted him to reconsider his career path entirely.”

Synonyms

Antonyms

04sequential opportunity

A1 · Beginner Countable noun

n. the time when you are allowed or expected to do something after someone else.

n. an opportunity or obligation to do something in a specified order among a group.

“It is your turn to wash the dishes after dinner tonight.”

“Each player must wait for their turn before moving their piece across the board according to the dice roll.”

05a change in direction

A2 · Elementary Countable noun

n. a movement or a place where you change direction.

n. an act of changing course or the place where a road or path deviates.

“The car took the turn too fast and nearly hit the fence.”

“The mountain road was full of sharp turns that made several passengers feel quite motion-sick during the ascent.”

Synonyms

06a helpful or harmful act

B2 · Upper Intermediate Countable noun

n. an action that helps or hurts someone else.

n. a service or deed performed for another, often appearing in the phrase 'do someone a good turn'.

“He did me a good turn by lending me his car when mine broke down.”

“The local business owner did the community a good turn by sponsoring the youth football team's new uniforms.”

07a short performance

C1 · Advanced Countable noun Theater British English

n. a short act or performance in a show.

n. a short theatrical or musical performance, typically as part of a variety show.

“The comedian's turn was the highlight of the evening's entertainment.”

“The veteran singer performed a brief turn at the charity gala, reminding the audience of her enduring vocal talent.”

Synonyms

08to shape on a machine

C2 · Proficiency Technology Technical

v. to shape a piece of wood or metal using a special machine called a lathe.

v. to shape an object by rotating it against a cutting tool on a lathe.

“The carpenter turned the legs of the table to give them a rounded shape.”

“The artisan spent hours turning the mahogany block into a perfectly symmetrical bowl with intricate decorative grooves.”

Synonyms

Etymology

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *terh₁-der. Ancient Greek τόρνος (tórnos)bor. Latin tornus Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti Proto-Italic *-āō Latin -ō Latin tornōbor. Proto-West Germanic *turnēn Old English turnian ▲ Latin tornō Old French tornerbor. Middle English turnen English turn From Middle English turnen, from Old English turnian, tyrnan (“to turn, rotate, revolve”), from Proto-West Germanic turnēn (“to turn, lathe”) (also the source of German turnen and its derivatives) and Old French torner (“to turn”), both from Latin tornāre (“to round off, turn in a lathe”), from tornus (“lathe”), from Ancient Greek τόρνος (tórnos, “turning-lathe: a tool used for making circles”), from Proto-Indo-European terh₁- (“to rub, rub by turning, turn, twist, bore”). Cognate with Old English þrāwan (“to turn, twist, wind”), whence English throw. Displaced native Middle English wenden from Old English wendan (see wend), and Middle English trenden from Old English trendan (see trend), among several other terms.

Partly from Anglo-Norman *torn, from Latin tornus, from Ancient Greek τόρνος (tórnos), and partly an action noun from the verb turn.

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Word family

VERB

turn(A1)

Related words

Idioms

Domains

FinancePrintingTheater

This entry

Exam level
CambridgeCambridgeCambridge English QualificationsThe exam suite from Cambridge University Press & Assessment, from A1 Movers up to C2 Proficiency. The benchmark names double as CEFR labels.A1 MoversIELTSIELTSInternational English Language Testing SystemThe 0–9 band test co-owned by the British Council, IDP, and Cambridge. Used for university entry, work, and migration.2.0–3.0TOEFL iBTTOEFL iBTTest of English as a Foreign Language, Internet-Based TestETS's academic English test, the standard route for US university admissions. Scored 0–120, with a 1–6 scale since 2026.1–6 scale: 1.0–1.50–23TOEICTOEICTest of English for International CommunicationETS's workplace English test, big in Japan and Korea. Listening & Reading scores 10–990 and tops out at C1.120–224
Frequency
Very common
Level
A1 · BeginnerOxford
Updated

QR code

englishreference.com/q/turn

English Reference