English Reference
verb · noun

stop

v. · n.
US /ˈstɑp/ UK /stˈɒp/ stop UK spelling stops

  1. 01 A1 Beginner

    v.to finish an activity or to stay in one place and not move anymore.

    v.to cease motion, progress, or an ongoing activity. Intransitive or transitive depending on whether the subject or an object is being halted.

    Simple

    The car stopped at the red light and waited for the pedestrians to cross.

    In context

    The factory decided to stop production of the older model once the new automated assembly line became fully operational.

    Pitfall
    I stopped to smoke. I stopped smoking.

    Use the -ing form to mean you quit a habit. Use 'to' + verb to mean you paused what you were doing in order to do something else.

  2. 02 A2 Elementary

    v.to keep something from happening or to block someone from doing something.

    v.to interrupt, prevent, or end the activity of someone or something through intervention.

    Simple

    The security guard stopped the man from entering the building without an ID.

    In context

    Heavy snow effectively stopped the rescue teams from reaching the remote village before nightfall.

    Usage

    Often used with the pattern 'stop someone from doing something'.

  3. 03 B1 Intermediate British English

    v.to stay in a place for a short time while you are on a journey.

    v.to reside or tarry temporarily; to make a brief visit during travel.

    Simple

    We stopped at a small hotel for the night before driving the rest of the way.

    In context

    During their tour of the coast, they stopped over in several fishing villages to sample the local cuisine.

    Usage

    Often used with 'at' or 'over'.

    Teacher's tip

    This sense is more common in British English than American English, where 'stay' is preferred.

  4. 04 A1 Beginner

    n.a place where a bus, train, or tram regularly waits for people.

    n.a designated location where public transport vehicles halt to allow passengers to board or alight.

    Simple

    I will meet you at the bus stop in front of the library at five o'clock.

    In context

    The city council decided to move the tram stop further down the street to reduce traffic congestion at the main intersection.

  5. 05 A2 Elementary

    n.a short break or a period of time when you are not moving during a trip.

    n.an act of halting or an interruption of travel.

    Simple

    We made a quick stop for coffee and then continued our long drive.

    In context

    The flight from London to Sydney includes a two-hour stop in Singapore for refueling and crew changes.

  6. 06 B1 Intermediate British English Grammar

    n.a mark like a period (.) used at the end of a sentence.

    n.a punctuation mark representing a pause or the end of a sentence; specifically a full stop.

    Simple

    You must put a stop at the end of every sentence.

    In context

    The editor noted that the author frequently omitted the final stop in bulleted lists, leading to inconsistent formatting.

    Usage

    Commonly called a 'full stop' in the UK.

    Teacher's tip

    In American English, this is almost exclusively called a 'period'.

  7. 07 C1 Advanced Technical Linguistics

    n.a consonant sound where you completely block the air for a moment, like /p/ or /t/.

    n.a consonant phoneme produced by a complete obstruction of the oral cavity, followed by a sudden release of air.

    Simple

    The letter 'p' is a stop because your lips close completely to make the sound.

    In context

    The researcher analyzed the duration of the closure phase in unvoiced stops across several different dialects.

    Teacher's tip

    Learners of phonetics will encounter this as a synonym for 'plosive'.

    plosive
  8. 08 C1 Advanced Technical Photography

    n.a setting that changes how much light enters a camera.

    n.a unit of exposure representing a doubling or halving of the light reaching the sensor; also an f-stop.

    Simple

    I opened the lens by one stop to make the photo brighter.

    In context

    Adjusting the exposure by half a stop was sufficient to recover the detail in the shadows without blowing out the highlights.

    f stopaperture

Usage stop using · stop fighting · stop the spread


Etymology 1

From Middle English stoppen, stoppien, from Old English stoppian (“to stop, close”), from Proto-West Germanic stoppōn, from Proto-Germanic stuppōną (“to stop, close”), stuppijaną (“to push, pierce, prick”), from Proto-Indo-European (s)tewp-, (s)tewb- (“to push; stick”), from (s)tew- (“to bump; impact; butt; push; beat; strike; hit”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian stopje (“to stop, block”), West Frisian stopje (“to stop”), Dutch stoppen (“to stop”), Low German stoppen (“to stop”), German stopfen (“to be filling, stuff”), German stoppen (“to stop”), Danish stoppe (“to stop”), Swedish stoppa (“to stop”), Icelandic stoppa (“to stop”), Middle High German stupfen, stüpfen (“to pierce”). More at stuff, stump. Alternative etymology derives Proto-West Germanic stoppōn from an assumed Vulgar Latin stūpāre, *stuppāre (“to stop up with tow”), from stūpa, stīpa, stuppa (“tow, flax, oakum”), from Ancient Greek στύπη (stúpē), στύππη (stúppē, “tow, flax, oakum”). This derivation, however, is doubtful, as the earliest instances of the Germanic verb do not carry the meaning of "stuff, stop with tow". Rather, these senses developed later in response to influence from similar sounding words in Latin and Romance.

Etymology 2

From Middle English stoppe, from Old English stoppa (“bucket, pail, a stop”), from Proto-Germanic stuppô (“vat, vessel”), from Proto-Indo-European (s)teub- (“to push, hit; stick, stump”). See stoup. Cognates Cognate with Norwegian stopp, stoppa (“deep well, recess”), Middle High German stubech, stübich (“barrel, vat, unit of measure”) (German Stübchen). Related also to Middle Low German stōp (“beaker, flask”), Middle High German stouf (“beaker, flask”), Norwegian staupa (“goblet”), Icelandic staupa (“shot-glass”), Old English stēap (“a stoup, beaker, drinking vessel, cup, flagon”). Cognate to Albanian shtambë (“amphora, bucket”).

Etymology 3

From s- + top.

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This entry
Origin ine-pro *(s)tewp-
Level A1 · Beginner
Frequency Very common
Updated