ENGLISH
REFERENCE

paper tiger

idiom
Meaning

Something or someone that appears powerful, strong or threatening but is in reality weak, ineffective, or unable to withstand challenge.


Origin

first recorded 19th c.

A calque from Chinese 紙老虎/纸老虎 (zhǐlǎohǔ), a phrase popularized by Mao Zedong, but of pre-modern origin. An English translation first appeared in an book in 1828 by British missionary and lexicographer Robert Morrison.

Examples
SIMPLE

That loud manager is just a paper tiger.

CONTEXTUAL

The company threatened to sue us, but they turned out to be a paper tiger with no real legal case.

COMPLEX

While the dictator’s rhetoric initially terrified the neighboring nations, his military proved to be a paper tiger when the conflict finally began.

Anchors to
Related idioms8entries
  1. 01

    death by a thousand paper cuts

    An ultimate negative outcome, such as the failure of a project, brought about by an excessive number of bureaucratic hurdles.

  2. 02

    have a tiger by the tail

    To be in a difficult or dangerous situation in which one ideally should not remain, but from which one cannot withdraw.

  3. 03

    have the tiger by the tail

    To be in a difficult or dangerous situation in which one ideally should not remain, but from which one cannot withdraw.

  4. 04

    lady or tiger

    A pure gamble with highly divergent outcomes.

  5. 05

    paper trail

    A written record, history, or collection of evidence.

  6. 06

    put pen to paper

    To write something (especially using pen and ink).

  7. 07

    ride the tiger

    To maintain control over something aggressive and dangerous.

  8. 08

    start with a clean sheet of paper

    Synonym of start with a clean sheet.

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