English Reference

Word

biennial

Phoneticsbi·en·ni·al, stress on the second syllable

US/baɪˈɛniəɫ/

UK/baɪˈɛnɪəl/

Definitions

01every two years

C1 · Advanced Formal

adj. happening once every two years.

adj. occurring or taking place every other year; not to be confused with biannual.

“The city hosts a biennial art festival that attracts visitors every second summer.”

“The association holds a biennial conference to review long-term strategic goals, ensuring members meet every two years to discuss progress.”

Pitfall

The biannual festival happens every two years.

The biennial festival happens every two years.

Use 'biennial' for every two years; 'biannual' means twice in one year.

Synonyms

every other year

Antonyms

02lasting two years

C2 · Proficiency Science Technical

adj. lasting for a period of two years.

adj. having a duration of two years; specifically used in biology to describe a life cycle.

“The scientist studied the biennial life cycle of certain forest insects.”

“The research project focused on the biennial growth patterns of specific alpine shrubs that remain dormant during their first winter.”

Synonyms

two-year

03a plant

C1 · Advanced Countable noun Science Technical

n. a plant that takes two years to grow, flower, and then die.

n. a plant that completes its biological life cycle in two years, typically flowering in the second year.

“Carrots are a common biennial, though we usually harvest them in their first year.”

“Gardeners often plant biennials like foxgloves in consecutive years to ensure they have blooms every summer.”

Antonyms

04an event

C1 · Advanced Countable noun Formal

n. an event, like an art show or sports competition, that happens every two years.

n. an event that recurs every two years, most commonly used in the context of international art exhibitions.

“She was invited to show her paintings at the Venice Biennial.”

“The city's photography biennial has become a major draw for international critics since its inception a decade ago.”

Real-World Examples

“Biennial sweet clover was also planted instead of the intended annual type, while fall rye persisted into the second year.”
Phys.org 1 Sept 2026
“Meanwhile, India’s biennial forest report was due in 2025.”
The Guardian 25 Aug 2026

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin bienni(um) (“two-year period”) [from bis, bi- (“twice”) + annus (“year”)] + -al (suffix forming adjectives). By surface analysis, bi- + -ennial.

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Related words

This entry

Exam level
CambridgeCambridgeCambridge English QualificationsThe exam suite from Cambridge University Press & Assessment, from A1 Movers up to C2 Proficiency. The benchmark names double as CEFR labels.C1 AdvancedIELTSIELTSInternational English Language Testing SystemThe 0–9 band test co-owned by the British Council, IDP, and Cambridge. Used for university entry, work, and migration.7.0–8.0TOEFL iBTTOEFL iBTTest of English as a Foreign Language, Internet-Based TestETS's academic English test, the standard route for US university admissions. Scored 0–120, with a 1–6 scale since 2026.1–6 scale: 5.0–5.595–113TOEICTOEICTest of English for International CommunicationETS's workplace English test, big in Japan and Korea. Listening & Reading scores 10–990 and tops out at C1.945–990
Frequency
Frequent
Level
C1 · Advanced
Updated

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