English Reference
noun

competency

n.
US /ˈkɑmpətɪnsi/ UK /kˈɒmpɪtənsi/ com·pe·ten·cy UK spelling competencies

  1. 01 B2 Upper Intermediate Academic

    the ability to do something well or to the required standard.

    the quality or state of having sufficient knowledge, judgment, or skill for a particular duty or task.

    Simple

    The job description lists several core competencies, including teamwork and communication.

    In context

    The human resources department developed a new framework to assess the technical competency of senior engineering candidates during the interview process.

    Usage

    Often used in the plural ('competencies') when referring to specific professional skills.

  2. 02 C1 Advanced TechnicalFormal Law

    a person's legal ability to make their own decisions or understand a trial.

    the legal capacity of an individual to participate in legal proceedings or to be held accountable for their actions.

    Simple

    The judge had to decide on the defendant's mental competency to stand trial.

    In context

    Legal experts questioned the witness's competency, arguing that his cognitive decline prevented him from providing reliable testimony.

    Usage

    Frequently appears in the phrase 'competency to stand trial'.

  3. 03 C2 Proficiency TechnicalAcademic

    the natural, internal knowledge a person has of their own language.

    the abstract, internalised knowledge of a language's grammar and rules, distinguished from 'performance'.

    Simple

    Even if you make a mistake while speaking, your underlying linguistic competency remains the same.

    In context

    Chomsky's distinction between competency and performance suggests that a speaker's actual output may not always reflect their total grammatical knowledge.

    Teacher's tip

    In linguistics, this is a technical term contrasted with 'performance' (how a person actually speaks).

    linguistic knowledge
  4. 04 C2 Proficiency ArchaicLiterary

    having enough money or resources to live comfortably.

    a sufficient supply of means or a sustainable income to provide for one's needs.

    Simple

    He retired to the countryside once he had secured a modest competency.

    In context

    In nineteenth-century novels, characters often strive to marry someone with a comfortable competency to ensure their social standing.

    Teacher's tip

    This sense is rarely found in modern speech and is mostly encountered in 18th and 19th-century literature.

A widely cited 2019 Harvard Business Review analysis, for instance, found women outscored men on most leadership competencies.

Phys.org· 24 Aug 2026

I took a long time to accept that my own violin competency was gone for ever.

The Guardian· 15 Aug 2026

From Late Latin competentia. Doublet of competence.

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This entry
Origin la-lat competentia
Level C1 · Advanced
Frequency Frequent
Updated