ENGLISH
REFERENCE

confuse

v.
B1 Intermediate Oxford US //kənˈfjuz// UK //kənfjˈuːz// con·fuse Archaic General-service

v. to make someone feel like they do not understand something. You can also use it when you mistake one person or thing for another because they look similar.

v. to cause a person to become bewildered or unclear in their thinking; to fail to distinguish between two or more distinct entities. Transitive — requires a direct object.


SIMPLE

The complicated instructions confuse many new users.

CONTEXTUAL

I often confuse the two sisters because they have such similar voices on the phone.

COMPLEX

The witness's contradictory statements served only to confuse the jury, leading to a lengthy deliberation as they attempted to reconcile the conflicting evidence.

Synonyms
Etymology 1

Back-formation from confused, from Middle English confused (“frustrated, ruined”), from Anglo-Norman confus, from Latin cōnfūsus, past participle of cōnfundō.

Etymology 2

From Middle English confus, from Old French confus, from Latin cōnfūsus, past participle of cōnfundō.

Usage

The verb is transitive and often takes the preposition 'with' when distinguishing between two things.

Pitfall

I am confuse about the rulesI am confused about the rulesLearners often use the base form 'confuse' instead of the past participle 'confused' when describing their own feelings.

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