ENGLISH
REFERENCE

differential

n. · adj.
US //ˌdɪfɝˈɛnʃəɫ// UK //dˌɪfəɹˈɛnʃəl// dif·fer·en·tial
  1. 1 car part (n.)
    C2 Proficiency Technical Technical

    a set of gears in a car that allows the wheels to turn at different speeds when going around a corner.

    a gear assembly that transmits power from the engine to the wheels while allowing them to rotate at different speeds during cornering.

    Example

    The mechanic had to repair the rear differential because the car was making a strange noise during turns.

    Example

    A limited-slip differential is essential for high-performance vehicles to maintain traction when accelerating out of tight corners.
    • differential gear
  2. 2 mathematics (n.)
    C2 Proficiency Technical Academic Math

    a very small change in a mathematical variable.

    an infinitesimal change in a variable, or a function representing the linear approximation of a change in a value.

    Example

    In our calculus class, we learned how to calculate the differential of a complex function.

    Example

    The student struggled to grasp the geometric interpretation of the total differential in multivariable calculus.
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  1. 3 relating to a difference (adj.)
    C1 Advanced Academic

    describing something that is based on a difference or that creates a difference.

    pertaining to, creating, or based on a difference; distinctive in effect or application.

    Example

    The company uses differential pricing, so students pay less than adults for the same ticket.

    Example

    The study examined the differential impact of the new tax policy on urban versus rural households.
Origin

Morphologically different + -ial.

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