English Reference
adjective · noun

earnest

adj. · n.
US /ˈɝnɪst/ UK /ˈɜːnəst/ earnest UK spelling earnests

  1. 01 B2 Upper Intermediate

    adj.showing that you are very serious and honest about your feelings or intentions.

    adj.characterised by a sincere and intense conviction; showing deep sincerity and a lack of irony.

    Simple

    The student made an earnest effort to improve her grades before the final exam.

    In context

    Despite his lack of experience, his earnest plea for a second chance convinced the committee to reconsider their initial decision.

    frivolousinsincereironic
  2. 02 C1 Advanced Formal

    n.used in the phrase 'in earnest' to mean that someone is being serious rather than joking.

    n.a state of being serious or sincere; almost exclusively used in the prepositional phrase 'in earnest'.

    Simple

    The work began in earnest once the funding was finally approved.

    In context

    What had started as a light-hearted debate began in earnest as the participants realised the legal implications of the policy.

    Usage

    Usually appears in the fixed phrase 'in earnest'.

  3. 03 C2 Proficiency FormalArchaic Law

    n.something given as a sign or promise that more will come later, like a small payment.

    n.a portion of something, such as a sum of money, given in advance as a guarantee or pledge of more to follow.

    Simple

    They paid a small amount as an earnest of their intention to buy the house.

    In context

    The initial shipment was merely an earnest of the vast resources the empire promised to provide to its allies.

    Usage

    Often used in the phrase 'earnest money' in legal contexts.

She turns on the mid-stage and leans sort of forward as she sings Past Life, a move to communicate her earnest romantic pain, a plea for empathy.

The Guardian· 16 Aug 2026

Berry’s Christianity-infused agrarianism began in earnest in the 1970s and helped popularize family-run farms, organic farming and farm-to-table eating establishments.

The Conversation· 4 Sept 2026

Etymology 1

From Middle English ernest, eornest, from Old English eornest, eornost, eornust (“earnestness, zeal, seriousness, battle”), from Proto-Germanic ernustuz (“earnest, strength, solidity, struggle, fight”), a derivative of Proto-Germanic arniz (“efficient, capable, diligent, sure”), from Proto-Indo-European *er- (“to cause to move, arouse, increase”). Cognate with West Frisian earnst (“earnest, seriousness”), Dutch ernst (“seriousness, gravity, earnest”), German Ernst (“seriousness, earnestness, zeal, vigour”), Icelandic ern (“brisk, vigorous”), Gothic 𐌰𐍂𐌽𐌹𐌱𐌰 (arniba, “secure, certain, sure”). The adjective is from Middle English eornest, from Old English eornoste (“earnest, zealous, serious”), from the noun. Cognate with North Frisian ernste (“earnest”), Middle Low German ernest, ernst (“serious, earnest”), German ernst (“serious, earnest”).

Etymology 2

Uncertain; apparently related to erres. Compare also arles.

Etymology 3

From earn + -est.

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This entry
Origin Old English eornoste
Level C1 · Advanced
Frequency Frequent
Updated