English Reference

Word

efficiency

Phoneticsef·fi·cien·cy, stress on the second syllable

US/ɪˈfɪʃənsi/

UK/ɪfˈɪʃənsi/

Definitions

01avoiding waste

B2 · Upper Intermediate Uncountable noun

n. the ability to do something well and quickly without wasting time, money, or energy.

n. the state or quality of being efficient; the ability to achieve maximum productivity with minimum wasted effort or expense.

“The new heating system has much better energy efficiency than the old one.”

“The consultancy firm was hired to improve the operational efficiency of the factory by streamlining the assembly line process.”

Usage

Often used with the preposition 'of' when referring to a specific resource, such as 'efficiency of fuel'.

Antonyms

inefficiencywastefulness

02physics/engineering

C1 · Advanced Countable noun Science Technical

n. the ratio of useful work or energy produced compared to the energy put in.

n. the ratio of the useful work performed by a machine or in a process to the total energy expended or heat taken in.

“Most car engines have a thermal efficiency of only about twenty-five percent.”

“Engineers are constantly seeking to increase the aerodynamic efficiency of the aircraft to reduce fuel consumption during long-haul flights.”

Usage

Usually expressed as a percentage or a decimal between 0 and 1.

Synonyms

03a small apartment

C1 · Advanced Countable noun American English

n. a small apartment that usually has only one main room for living and sleeping.

n. a small, self-contained apartment, typically consisting of a single main room with a small kitchen area and a bathroom.

“He rented a small efficiency near the university to save money on rent.”

“The building offers several efficiencies that are ideal for single professionals who prioritize a central location over square footage.”

Usage

Commonly used in real estate listings in the United States.

Teaching tip

Learners should note that 'studio apartment' is more common globally, while 'efficiency' is specifically American.

Synonyms

studiobedsitter

04power to produce an effect

C2 · Proficiency Uncountable noun Archaic · Formal

n. the power or ability to produce a specific result.

n. the capacity or power to produce a desired effect or result.

“The old books spoke of the efficiency of certain herbs in curing fevers.”

“The philosopher questioned the efficiency of the law in truly changing human behaviour rather than merely punishing it.”

Usage

In modern English, 'efficacy' is almost always preferred for this meaning.

Teaching tip

This sense is rarely encountered in modern speech; advise students to use 'efficacy' for the power of a medicine or treatment.

Synonyms

Collocations

Common phrases and expressions where native English speakers use the word “efficiency” in context.

Verb

01. improve efficiency

“The new software was designed to improve efficiency across the entire production line.”

verb + noun

02. increase efficiency

“By automating repetitive tasks, the company hopes to increase efficiency and reduce costs.”

verb + noun

Noun

03. increasing efficiency

“Increasing efficiency is the primary goal of the current restructuring project.”

adj + noun

04. efficiency standards

05. efficiency across the estate

06. efficiency of our existing

07. efficiency of some historic

Real-World Examples

“EPCs are documents that provide an energy efficiency score for properties, in relation to their running costs.”
The Guardian 15 Aug 2026
“It is an argument for measuring food security, livelihoods and climate outcomes together rather than assuming that improved efficiency guarantees an absolute reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from livestock.”
Phys.org 15 Aug 2026
“Even here, biology reveals its logic: everything is shaped by trade-offs in energy efficiency.”
The Guardian 9 Aug 2026

Etymology

From Latin efficientia, equivalent to efficient + -cy.

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Word family

NOUN

efficiency(C1)

ADJECTIVE

Domains

EngineeringPhysics

This entry

Exam level
CambridgeCambridgeCambridge English QualificationsThe exam suite from Cambridge University Press & Assessment, from A1 Movers up to C2 Proficiency. The benchmark names double as CEFR labels.C1 AdvancedIELTSIELTSInternational English Language Testing SystemThe 0–9 band test co-owned by the British Council, IDP, and Cambridge. Used for university entry, work, and migration.7.0–8.0TOEFL iBTTOEFL iBTTest of English as a Foreign Language, Internet-Based TestETS's academic English test, the standard route for US university admissions. Scored 0–120, with a 1–6 scale since 2026.1–6 scale: 5.0–5.595–113TOEICTOEICTest of English for International CommunicationETS's workplace English test, big in Japan and Korea. Listening & Reading scores 10–990 and tops out at C1.945–990
Frequency
Common
Level
C1 · AdvancedOxford
Updated

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