freshwater

B2 · Upper Intermediate Science

adj. describing animals or plants that live in water that is not salty.

adj. denoting organisms that inhabit non-saline environments. This is a non-gradable classification in biology.

“Trout are popular freshwater fish that you can find in many mountain streams.”

“Biologists are studying how certain freshwater species adapt when their habitats are contaminated by agricultural runoff.”

C2 · Proficiency Science American English · Technical · Academic

adj. a style of economic thinking from universities near the Great Lakes in the US.

adj. referring to a school of macroeconomic thought associated with researchers at US universities near the Great Lakes, typically favoring free-market models.

“The professor explained the differences between freshwater and saltwater economic theories.”

“Freshwater economists generally argue that government intervention is less effective than market-based solutions during a recession.”

C2 · Proficiency Archaic · Literary

adj. used to describe a sailor who has only worked on rivers or lakes and lacks experience on the open sea.

adj. describing a mariner who is unskilled or inexperienced in seafaring, traditionally because their experience is limited to inland waters.

“The old captain laughed at the freshwater sailors who were afraid of a little storm.”

“The crew looked with suspicion upon the freshwater recruit, doubting his ability to handle the rigors of a transatlantic voyage.”

B2 · Upper Intermediate Uncountable noun

n. water that does not have salt in it.

n. water that is not salty; an alternative spelling or form of the compound noun 'fresh water'.

“The island has a limited supply of freshwater for the tourists.”

“Access to clean freshwater remains one of the most significant challenges for developing nations in the twenty-first century.”