English Reference

Word

saltwater

Phoneticssalt·wa·ter, stress on the second syllable

US/ˌsɔɫtˈwɑtɝ/

UK/sˈɒltwɔːtɐ/

Definitions

01containing salt

B1 · Intermediate

adj. containing salt, or relating to the water in the sea and ocean.

adj. consisting of or containing salt; specifically relating to the saline water of the oceans.

“The children enjoyed swimming in the saltwater pool at the hotel.”

“The coastal ecosystem is highly sensitive to changes in saltwater concentration caused by seasonal flooding from nearby rivers.”

Synonyms

Antonyms

02living in the sea

B1 · Intermediate

adj. living in or coming from the sea rather than rivers or lakes.

adj. inhabiting or originating from a saline environment.

“Saltwater crocodiles are much larger and more dangerous than other types.”

“The aquarium features a massive saltwater tank designed to mimic the biodiversity of a tropical coral reef.”

Synonyms

marinesea-dwelling

Antonyms

03ocean water

B1 · Intermediate Uncountable noun

n. water that has salt in it, especially from the ocean.

n. water containing a high concentration of salt, typically from a sea or ocean.

“After a day at the beach, his skin felt tight from the saltwater.”

“The engineers developed a new desalination process to convert saltwater into drinkable water for the island community.”

Synonyms

Antonyms

04economic theory

C2 · Proficiency Academic · American English · Technical

adj. a specific type of economic theory from certain American universities.

adj. relating to a school of macroeconomic thought, typically Keynesian, associated with coastal U.S. universities.

“The professor explained the differences between saltwater and freshwater economic models.”

“Saltwater economists generally advocate for active government intervention to manage economic cycles, contrasting with the more laissez-faire freshwater school.”

Synonyms

Keynesian

Antonyms

Etymology

From Middle English saltwater, salte water, equivalent to salt + water. Cognate with Saterland Frisian Soaltwoater (“saltwater”), West Frisian sâltwetter (“saltwater”), Dutch zoutwater (“saltwater”), German Low German Soltwater (“saltwater”), German Salzwasser (“saltwater”), Danish saltvand (“saltwater”), Swedish saltvatten (“saltwater”), Icelandic saltvatn (“saltwater”).

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Word family

This entry

Exam level
CambridgeCambridgeCambridge English QualificationsThe exam suite from Cambridge University Press & Assessment, from A1 Movers up to C2 Proficiency. The benchmark names double as CEFR labels.B1 PreliminaryIELTSIELTSInternational English Language Testing SystemThe 0–9 band test co-owned by the British Council, IDP, and Cambridge. Used for university entry, work, and migration.4.0–5.0TOEFL iBTTOEFL iBTTest of English as a Foreign Language, Internet-Based TestETS's academic English test, the standard route for US university admissions. Scored 0–120, with a 1–6 scale since 2026.1–6 scale: 3.0–3.544–71TOEICTOEICTest of English for International CommunicationETS's workplace English test, big in Japan and Korea. Listening & Reading scores 10–990 and tops out at C1.550–784
Frequency
Occasional
Level
B1 · Intermediate
Updated

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