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REFERENCE

ghost

n. countable
B1 Intermediate Oxford US //ˈɡoʊst// UK //ɡˈəʊst// ghost Archaic General-service Literary Slang

n. the spirit of a dead person that someone believes they can see or hear. It is often used in stories to describe a pale, see-through figure that haunts a house.

n. the soul or spirit of a deceased person, typically conceptualised as a visible image or nebulous presence. Often used in literary contexts to represent memory or the lingering effects of the past.


SIMPLE

The old castle is famous for its resident ghost.

CONTEXTUAL

Many people claim to have seen a ghost in the hallway of the historic hotel, but no one has ever captured a clear photo.

COMPLEX

The protagonist is haunted by the ghost of his former self, a literary device used to illustrate the profound regret he feels regarding his earlier life choices.

Synonyms
Origin

The noun is derived from Middle English gost, from Old English gāst, gǣst (“breath, spirit, soul, ghost”) (compare modern English Holy Ghost), from Proto-West Germanic gaist, from Proto-Germanic gaistaz, from Proto-Indo-European ǵʰéysdos, from ǵʰéysd- (“anger, agitation”). The h in the spelling appears in the Prologue to William Caxton’s Royal Book, printed in 1484, in a reference to the “Holy Ghoost”. It was likely influenced by Middle Dutch gheest, a common variant of geest. Both Caxton and his assistant Wynkyn de Worde had connections to the Low Countries. Doublet of geist. The adjective and verb are derived from the noun. The verb gained prominence in the 2010s. cognates * Danish gast (“ghost”), gejst (“enthusiasm”) * Dutch geest (“ghost, spirit”) * German Geist (“ghost, spirit”) * Luxembourgish Geescht (“ghost, spirit, spectre, phantom”) * Saterland Frisian Gäist, Jeest (“ghost, spirit”) * Scots gaist, ghaist (“ghost”) * Swedish gast (“ghost”) * Vilamovian gȧjst (“ghost, spirit”) * West Frisian geast (“ghost, spirit”) * Yiddish גײַסט (gayst, “ghost, spirit”) * Yola gaast (“ghost”)

Usage

Commonly functions as a modifier in compound nouns like 'ghost story' or 'ghost town'.

Idioms6 entries

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