English Reference
adjective · noun

hostile

adj. · n.
US /ˈhɑstəɫ/ UK /hˈɒstaɪl/ hos·tile UK spelling hostiles

  1. 01 B2 Upper Intermediate

    adj.showing that you do not like someone or that you want to fight with them.

    adj.manifesting or characterised by enmity, ill will, or a desire to oppose and injure.

    Simple

    The crowd became hostile when the speaker refused to answer their questions.

    In context

    The witness faced a hostile cross-examination, with the lawyer repeatedly questioning her integrity and memory of the events.

  2. 02 C1 Advanced Academic

    adj.describing a place where it is very hard for plants, animals, or people to live.

    adj.relating to an environment or conditions that are extremely difficult to survive in or inhabit.

    Simple

    The desert is a hostile environment for most types of plants.

    In context

    Exploration of the deep ocean floor is hampered by the hostile conditions, including extreme pressure and near-freezing temperatures.

  3. 03 C1 Advanced Technical

    adj.describing a situation where one company tries to buy another company even though the owners do not want to sell.

    adj.denoting a corporate acquisition attempted against the wishes of the target company's board of directors.

    Simple

    The small tech firm fought off a hostile takeover bid from a much larger rival.

    In context

    The board of directors implemented a 'poison pill' strategy to deter the hostile takeover attempt by the private equity group.

  4. 04 C1 Advanced Formal

    n.a person who is an enemy, especially in a war.

    n.an individual who belongs to an opposing military force or shows active aggression.

    Simple

    The soldiers were warned that there were hostiles hiding in the nearby woods.

    In context

    The reconnaissance drone identified several armed hostiles moving toward the perimeter of the base under the cover of darkness.

    Usage

    Usually used in the plural form 'hostiles' in military contexts.

This is a gritty and detailed portrait of an often misunderstood and endangered species in an increasingly hostile, crowded and hot environment.

The Guardian· 5 Aug 2026

Britain and parts of northern Europe were pushed back towards colder, more hostile conditions for more than a thousand years.

BBC News· 14 Jul 2026

Borrowed from Middle French hostile, from Latin hostīlis, from hostis (“enemy”). Displaced Old English fēondlīċ.

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This entry
Origin Latin hostīlis
Level C1 · Advanced
Frequency Common
Updated