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REFERENCE

hostile

adj. · n.
US //ˈhɑstəɫ// UK //hˈɒstaɪl// hos·tile
  1. 1 unfriendly or aggressive (adj.)
    B2 Upper Intermediate

    showing that you do not like someone or that you want to fight with them.

    manifesting or characterised by enmity, ill will, or a desire to oppose and injure.

    Example

    The crowd became hostile when the speaker refused to answer their questions.

    Example

    The witness faced a hostile cross-examination, with the lawyer repeatedly questioning her integrity and memory of the events.

  2. 2 difficult environment (adj.)
    C1 Advanced Academic

    describing a place where it is very hard for plants, animals, or people to live.

    relating to an environment or conditions that are extremely difficult to survive in or inhabit.

    Example

    The desert is a hostile environment for most types of plants.

    Example

    Exploration of the deep ocean floor is hampered by the hostile conditions, including extreme pressure and near-freezing temperatures.

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  1. 3 business takeover (adj.)
    C1 Advanced Technical

    describing a situation where one company tries to buy another company even though the owners do not want to sell.

    denoting a corporate acquisition attempted against the wishes of the target company's board of directors.

    Example

    The small tech firm fought off a hostile takeover bid from a much larger rival.

    Example

    The board of directors implemented a 'poison pill' strategy to deter the hostile takeover attempt by the private equity group.

  2. 4 an enemy (n.)
    C1 Advanced Formal

    a person who is an enemy, especially in a war.

    an individual who belongs to an opposing military force or shows active aggression.

    Example

    The soldiers were warned that there were hostiles hiding in the nearby woods.

    Example

    The reconnaissance drone identified several armed hostiles moving toward the perimeter of the base under the cover of darkness.

    Usage

    Usually used in the plural form 'hostiles' in military contexts.

Origin

Borrowed from Middle French hostile, from Latin hostīlis, from hostis (“enemy”). Displaced Old English fēondlīċ.

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