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REFERENCE

incapable

adj. · n.
US //ˌɪnˈkeɪpəbəɫ// UK //ɪnkˈeɪpəbəl// in·ca·pable
  1. 1 unable to do something (adj.)
    B2 Upper Intermediate

    not able to do something because you lack the skill, strength, or power.

    lacking the necessary ability, capacity, or power to perform a specific action. Usually followed by the preposition 'of'.

    Example

    The old engine was incapable of pulling such a heavy load up the hill.

    Example

    Despite his extensive training, the pilot found himself incapable of stabilizing the aircraft during the severe atmospheric turbulence.

    Usage

    Typically used in the pattern 'incapable of doing something'.

    Pitfall
    He is incapable to finish the work.
    He is incapable of finishing the work.

    The adjective 'incapable' is followed by 'of' and a gerund (-ing form), not an infinitive.

  2. 2 not receptive (adj.)
    C1 Advanced Formal

    not able to receive or take something in.

    not in a state to receive, admit, or be susceptible to something. Often used in technical or philosophical contexts.

    Example

    The dry, hard soil was incapable of absorbing the sudden rain.

    Example

    The philosopher argued that certain minds are simply incapable of receiving complex abstract truths without prior rigorous instruction.

    Teacher's tip

    This sense is much rarer than the general 'unable' sense and is mostly found in formal writing.

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  1. 3 a weak person (n.)
    C2 Proficiency Archaic

    a person who is seen as weak or not able to take care of themselves.

    a person who is mentally or physically weak, or otherwise lacking in efficiency or competence.

    Example

    In the old story, the king was surrounded by incapables who could not lead.

    Example

    The harsh social policies of the era often grouped the elderly and the infirm together as social incapables.

    Usage

    Used as a countable noun, often in the plural.

    Teacher's tip

    This noun use is dated and can sound offensive; students should avoid using it in modern conversation.

Origin

Borrowed from Middle French incapable, equivalent to in- + capable.

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