English Reference
adjective

maternal

adj.
US /məˈtɝnəɫ/ UK /mətˈɜːnəl/ ma·ter·nal

  1. 01 B2 Upper Intermediate

    having or showing the kind and protective feelings of a mother.

    characteristic of or befitting a mother; exhibiting protective or nurturing behavior associated with motherhood.

    Simple

    She felt a strong maternal instinct to protect the small child.

    In context

    Even without biological children of her own, she displayed a deeply maternal attitude toward the younger students in her care.

  2. 02 B2 Upper Intermediate

    related to you through your mother rather than your father.

    related through the mother's lineage or side of the family.

    Simple

    My maternal grandfather was born in a small village in Italy.

    In context

    The inheritance dispute was complicated by the fact that the property had been passed down exclusively through the maternal line for three generations.

    matrilineal
  3. 03 C1 Advanced Technical Medicine

    related to a mother's body during pregnancy or birth.

    pertaining to the mother as a biological entity, specifically in the context of pregnancy, gestation, or the postpartum period.

    Simple

    The doctor checked the maternal heart rate during the check-up.

    In context

    Maternal health services have seen significant improvements in funding, focusing specifically on reducing complications during the third trimester.

Usage maternal mortality

Her maternal grandmother became a Kanyeleng after losing every child in infancy except Trawally’s mother.

Al Jazeera· 14 Aug 2026

PIMS is one of the biggest hospitals in Pakistan's capital, with 156 beds in its maternal and child health unit.

BBC News· 26 Aug 2026

PIE word *méh₂tēr The adjective is derived from Late Middle English maternal, maternall, from Middle French maternel (“maternal”) (modern French maternel (“maternal; native”)), or from its etymon Late Latin māternālis (“maternal”), from Latin māternus (“maternal; related to the mother or her side of the family”) + -ālis (suffix forming adjectives of relationship from nouns). Māternus is derived from māter (“mother”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *méh₂tēr (“mother”)) + -rnus (suffix forming adjectives). The English word is cognate with Italian maternale, materno, Portuguese maternal, materno, Spanish maternal, materno. The noun is derived from the adjective.

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This entry
Origin ine-pro *méh₂tēr
Level B2 · Upper Intermediate
Frequency Frequent
Updated